On The Reference Shelf, we highlighted other media- such as TV shows, movies, plays and books- that had referenced Bewitched in some manner. Here we do the reverse, highlighting the times where Bewitched itself made reference to contemporary or historical media, celebrities or pop culture.

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Reverse References 2: EPISODE TITLES

Harpies Bizarre magazine, read by various witches in several episodes, spoofs the popular Harper's Bazaar fashion magazine, which has been around since Victorian times. (It was named Harper's Bazar from 1867 to 1929, after which another "a" was added.) Taking it to the next level is this Web site, Bewitched @ Harpies Bizarre, which spoofs the spoof!


The witchly origins of Bewitched names

 ENDORA - According to the Old Testament of the Hebrew Bible, the Witch of Endor was a necromancer who, at the behest of King Saul of Israel, raised the prophet Samuel from the dead.

 QUEEN TICHEBA - Tituba was one of the first women to be accused of witchcraft in the Salem Witch Trials of 1692.

 TIM O'SHANTER (leprechaun) - CLICK HERE

 TABITHA - Tabitha of the New Testament (Acts 9:36) was noted for good works.

       Elizabeth Montgomery explains the name:
  "The name was my idea," she explained. "I loved it, because it was so old-fashioned. I got it from one of the daughters of Edward Andrews, the actor. The two Andrews girls are named Tabitha and Abigail. Bill was surprised that I remembered their names, after meeting them only once. Now, really, isn't that just like a man - as though anyone could forget names like Tabitha and Abigail!
  Anyway, Tabitha is the name I picked for the daughter Dick York and I were supposed to have, when I was actually pregnant on the show, just like Lucy Ball was a few years before me, except that I had a son in real life when 'my time' came instead of a daughter. But, somehow or other, her name came out 'Tabatha' on the credit roll, and that's the way it's been ever since. Honestly, I shudder every time I see it. It's like a squeaky piece of chalk scratching on my nerves."

 HIGH PRIESTESS HEPZIBAH

- The famous 1851 book "The House of the Seven Gables" by Nathaniel Hawthorne features a main character named "Hepzibah" ("Hepzibah Pyncheon", based on a woman who was an ancestor of the controversial present-day novelist Thomas Pynchon). The characters on Bewitched visited The House of Seven Gables during the episodes filmed in Salem during season seven. It's of interest to note that relatives of Nathaniel Hawthorne owned The House of Seven Gables during the 1800s and Hawthorne spent time in the home.

- The name Hephzibah (with the added 'h' in the middle) appears twice in the Old Testament. The first is in 2 Kings 21:1 when it is said that the evil king Mannaseh's mother's name was Hephzibah. The other is in Isaiah 62:4 when it is said that Jerusalem shall be called Hephzibah which means "my delight is in her".

 JUDGE BEAN - CLICK HERE

 ADAM - CLICK HERE

 RASPUTIN (warlock chaffeur) - CLICK HERE

# 1, "I, Darrin, Take This Witch, Samantha" - In the first spell of the series (or the second, if you count Sam's first abbreviated attempt), Samantha tries to get Endora to vanish from the honeymoon suite:


One re or re ickery Ann,
Phillison follison Nicholas John.
Queevy quavy English navy,
Sticklum, stacklum Buck!
B - U - C - K spells “Buck” and out goes you!

While its origin is unclear, one of the earliest written instances of the folk verse / counting game rhyme that this spell is derived from can be found in the 1822 book, "Mother Goose's Quarto":

One-ery, you-ery, ekery, Ann,
Phillisy, follysy, Nicholas, John,
Quee-bee, quaw-bee, Irish Mary,
Stinkle-em, stankle-em, buck.

This book also marks what may be Mother Goose's pictorial debut, in which she is shown on the title page as a lean and smiling grandmother, attended by two young and adoring children.

Variations of this spell can also be heard in # 109, "Toys in Babeland" and # 240, "The Eight-Year Witch."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 1, "I, Darrin, Take This Witch, Samantha," when Samantha is telling Darrin about her heritage, she says, "You don't believe me."
Darrin: "I'm from Missouri. You know what that means?"
Samantha: "No."
Darrin: "Show me."

There are a number of stories and legends behind Missouri's sobriquet "Show-Me" state. The slogan is not official, but is common throughout the state and is used on Missouri license plates. However the slogan originated, it is now used to indicate the stalwart, conservative, noncredulous character of Missourians.

In # 5, "Help, Help, Don't Save Me," Endora and Samantha were discussing Darrin's insistence on doing the Caldwell Soup campaign on his own, without help from Sam's witchcraft. Samantha says that Darrin is "A dedicated man." Endora: "So was Caesar, and all it got him was a torn toga."
Gaius Julius Caesar (100-44 bc), was the Roman general and statesman who laid the foundations of the Roman imperial system.

Another Caesar reference can be found in # 19, "A Nice Little Dinner Party." Phyllis says that she's not going to the play with Frank and Endora, even if the play were "Julius Caesar with the original cast."

Another Caesar reference: # 109, "Toys in Babeland" - CLICK HERE

Another Caesar reference: # 161, "Marriage, Witches’ Style" - CLICK HERE

In # 6, "Little Pitchers Have Big Fears," Samantha tells Gladys at the little league game to keep watching Marshall's (magically) improved playing because "You Aint Seen Nothing Yet!" - the famous quote by Al Jolson, heard in his many vaudeville shows and in 1927's The Jazz Singer, one of the first "talkie" films. He is well known for having used stage blackface, which at the time was a theatrical convention used by many performers (both white and black), but is today seen as a racial slur.

# 7, "The Witches Are Out" - In the scene touting "witches' rights," Aunt Clara's "Vote for Coolidge" sign refers to Calvin Coolidge, the 30th President of the United States (1923-1929), and the first to be elected after women won the right to vote in 1920. While in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, he voted for a resolution to give women voting rights. This later became the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution.

In # 8, "The Girl Reporter," we hear a reference to the main character from Mark Twain's (Samuel Clemens) 1885 novel, "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn."
At breakfast, Sam looks at the clock, and says, "Where is our little..."
Darrin: "Sam!"
Samantha: "...typical American school kid with freckles, short socks and sneakers."
Darrin: "That is a very accurate description of Liza Randall."
Samantha: "It's also a very accurate description of Huckleberry Finn."
Just then, the doorbell rings, Sam answers, then returns to the kitchen.
Darrin: "Who is it?"
Samantha: "Typical American school kid with freckles, silk stockings, and 3 inch French heels."
Darrin: "Liza?"
Samantha: "Well, it ain't Huckleberry Finn."

In another reference from this episode, Liza's boyfriend, Monster, refers to Liza as "...the most irresistible thing to come along since Brigitte Bardot".

Yet another comes in after Samantha gives Monster a half apple, half banana cream pie. She says, "Stephens' speciality...and let your conscience be your guide." "Let your conscience be your guide" comes from the song, "Give a Little Whistle," sung by Jiminy Cricket in Walt Disney's Pinocchio.

Endora spoofs the famous Western Airlines "Wally the Bird" ad campaign when she sips champagne and says, "It's the only way to fly!" while riding atop a transcontinental airliner in # 9,"Witch or Wife."

In # 11, "It Takes One to Know One," Samantha, in referring to Sarah Baker (aka Janine Fleur - Miss Jasmine), says to Endora, "Even Sir Galahad wouldn't be safe with her."

In # 13, "Love is Blind," after Samantha zaps Susan into becoming annoyed with Kermit, Susan says, "I've had it with this muscle-bound Sir Gallahad."

The son of Lancelot, Sir Galahad was a pure and noble knight of the Round Table in Arthurian romance. He successfully sought the Holy Grail after having received a vision from God.

(Another reference for # 11, "It Takes One to Know One" below.)

# 11, "It Takes One to Know One" - By addressing Samantha as "Blithe Spirit," Sarah Baker insinuates Samantha's new role as a departed first wife. Noel Coward's 1941 play Blithe Spirit, later adapted by Coward into a 1945 film of the same name, concerns a socialite and his wife who are haunted by the spirit of his deceased first wife. Coward borrowed the name "Blithe Spirit" from a Percy Shelley poem, To a Skylark.

In # 13, "Love is Blind," after Darrin repeatedly accuses Samantha of setting his friend up with a witch, she gets annoyed, and jokingly says, "All of my friends are witches, and we're just waiting for the right time to swoop down on Morning Glory Circle and claim it in the name of Beelzebub!"

In # 23, "Red Light, Green Light," Endora says that she will gather traffic signals from all over the world and have them installed in Morning Glory Circle “faster than you can say ‘Beelzebub’.”

In the Holy Bible, Beelzebub is the name of a Philistine God, and is the title given to the chief of the demons. In the New Testament, the Pharisees referred to him as the Prince of the Devils, and accused Jesus of casting out devils in his name. Beelzebub translated means "Lord of the Flies," and he is commonly thought to appear in the form of a fly.

Another for # 13, "Love is Blind" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 13, "Love is Blind," when Darrin gets mad at Samantha for ruining the reuniting of Kermit with Susan by inviting Gertrude, Samantha tells him, “All's fair in love and war.”

This common proverb has been traced back to John Lyly's 'Euphues: The Anatomy of Wit' (1578), a book that was highly popular in Elizabethan England, and which gave birth to the use of euphuism, a literary style which influenced the writing of Wm. Shakespeare.

In # 14, "Samantha Meets the Folks," Darrin goes to talk to Aunt Clara as she is polishing her doorknobs. She shows him one that is rather large and sparkly, and she says, "Now, to a doorknob collector, this is equivalent to the Hope Diamond."

At 45.52 carats, the Hope Diamond is the largest diamond in the world. Legend has it that it is cursed, due to the misfortune that has befallen many who have owned it.

In # 15 / 51, "A Vision of Sugar Plums," after Darrin tries to get Michael, their orphan guest, to lighten up about Christmas, he tells Samantha, "Christmas doesn't mean a thing to him. He is the youngest Scrooge I've ever seen!"
He is referring to the main character, Ebenezer Scrooge, of Charles Dickens' "A Christmas Carol," who was vehemently against the celebration of Christmas until his ghostly visits.

For another "A Christmas Carol" reference - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 15 / 51, "A Vision of Sugar Plums," Samantha reads Michael a story about Tom Thumb, a little boy no bigger than his father's thumb.

This story comes from English folklore. The first written copy of it is attributed to Richard Johnson, as his initials appear on the first known copy of it titled, "The History of Tom Thumbe," in 1621.

# 16, "It’s Magic" - When Samantha goes to visit Zeno the Magician for the first time, she notices that he drinks an awful lot, and comments, "What are we celebrating? Johnny Appleseed's birthday?"

Johnny Appleseed is the name given to the American Pioneer John Chapman, who from 1797 until his death in 1845, went ahead of the early pioneers planting apple orchards.

Why did Samantha reference him? Perhaps author Michael Pollan sheds some light:

"...the version of Johnny Appleseed I learned in kindergarten was completely wrong, had been Disney-fied, cleaned up and made very benign. He's a much more interesting character.
...the fact that Johnny Appleseed was planting apples from seed, which he insisted on-- he thought grafting was wicked-- meant they were not edible apples, and it meant they were for hard cider because you can use any kind of apple for making cider. Really, what Johnny Appleseed was doing and the reason he was welcome in every cabin in Ohio and Indiana was he was bringing the gift of alcohol to the frontier. He was our American Dionysus."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 16, "It’s Magic" - When Samantha finds out she only has $50 to spend on entertainment for the Women's League, Norman the waiter tells her that he has a friend who is an average magician. She replies, "Well, with $50 we can't expect to get Harry Houdini, now can we?"

# 54, “And Then There Were Three” - When Endora shows up in Samantha's hospital room, Nurse Kelton is baffled as to how she got in and remarks that not even Houdini could do it, to which Endora responds, "Houdini had a lot to learn."

Houdini was a world famous magician during the early part of the 20th Century who specialized in daring escapes from such places as underwater chambers whilst having his hands and feet tied.

- # 17, "A Is For Aardvark" - When Samantha tells Endora that she has allowed Darrin the use of her powers, Endora believes that he'll be tempted to use the powers haphazardly, saying, "It's Adam and the Apple all over again!"

- # 176, “Naming Samantha’s New Baby” -
MAURICE: Adam - that was my great-grandfather's name.
DARRIN: Adam was your great-grandfather?
MAURICE: Not that Adam.

- # 180, "Daddy Comes for a Visit" - Maurice devilishly mentions "tasting the forbidden fruit" after giving Darrin a watch that bestows upon him the powers of a warlock.

These refer to the origin myths in the Christian's Bible, Judaism's Torah, and Islam's Qur'an. In these stories, Adam was the first man created, followed by Eve, his mate. In Genesis, Eve persuaded Adam (who herself had been tempted by the Devil) to eat the fruit of the forbidden "tree of the knowledge of good and evil."

(Another reference for # 17, "A Is For Aardvark," below.)

In # 17, "A Is For Aardvark," Samantha tells Darrin to ask for a banana, which will come to him by magic. He grunts out, "Banana! Come! Darrin!" She replies, "You don't have to talk like Tarzan."

Tarzan was a character in a story written for All-Story magazine by Edgar Rice Burroughs in 1912. It tells about a boy raised in the wilds of the jungle.

In # 19, "A Nice Little Dinner Party," Frank says that he was so bored that he was filling in the pupils of Little Orphan Annie.

Another for: # 19, "A Nice Little Dinner Party" - CLICK HERE

Italian sex symbol and Academy Award winning actress Sophia Loren, who was at the height of her fame during the 1960s.

- In # 20, "Your Witch Is Showing," Darrin is talking on the phone: "Yes, Carson, you're darn tootin' I objected. The girl in that sketch looked like Sophia Loren. She's supposed to be sixteen years old!"

- In # 84, "I'd Rather Twitch Than Fight," Darrin asks a salesgirl to show him a robe for his wife. She brings one out, and says, "Sophia Loren wears one just like it in her latest picture."
Darrin: "Was she married or single in the picture?"
Salesgirl: "Single, but she got married right after." [wink]

- In # 137, "Samantha's Secret Saucer," when Gladys goes into the bedroom to wake Abner up, he's heard muttering "Ah, Sophia, we'll motor down the Via Veneto together!" during a dream. After Gladys tells him about seeing a flying saucer in the Stephens' backyard, Abner replies "I gave up Sophia for this?"

In # 21, "Ling Ling," Mrs. Kravitz has a bird named Tweety. Tweety Bird was created by Warner Brothers animation artist Bob Clampett in 1942. His original personality was that of a wild, aggressive bird who showed no mercy for his aggressors. By 1950, he had the charm and innocence that he is known for today. Tweety Bird’s voice was originally done by Mel Blanc, who also recorded the hit song, “I Tawt I Taw a Puddy-Tat” in 1950.

In # 22, "Eye of the Beholder," the antique salesman's surname is Bodkin. A bodkin was a tool usually used for things like threading ribbon, working leather and fabrics, or even as a hairpin, but witch hunting inquisitors had a darker purpose for the instrument also known as a "witch pricker." Used to root out witches, it was pressed against the flesh, and if it didn't penetrate the flesh, or in any way failed to elicit pain, the person was deemed guilty. Trick ones were used (the point would retract as it was pressed against the flesh) to sentence more people as witches.

# 23, "Red Light, Green Light" - CLICK HERE


Lucrezia Borgia

- In # 24, "Which Witch Is Which?," Robert Frazier tells Endora (who is doubling for Samantha) that he is thinking of writing his next book about the Borgias. She then responds, "The things I could tell you about Lucrezia!"

- In # 105, "Bewitched, Bothered, and Infuriated," Mrs. Baldoni tells Samantha (in reference to "Vanessa"), "I would rather have Lucrezia Borgia as a friend."

- In # 205, "Darrin on a Pedestal," at the Fisherman's Memorial, Samantha tells Darrin (referring to Serena), "I have a cousin that makes Lucrezia Borgia look like Shirley Temple."

Lucrezia Borgia (1480-1519) lived during the Italian Renaissance. She was the illegitimate daughter of Rodrigo Borgia and Vannozza dei Canttani. Rodrigo would later become Pope Alexander VI. The Borgias were notorious for ruthlessness when it came to furthering their political careers. There were rumors that Lucrezia had incestuous relations with her father and brother, who used her as a pawn in furthering their political careers by arranging marriages for her.

# 28, "Open the Door Witchcraft" - After Endora zaps up fishing gear for "Dobbin", Samantha corrects her with: "Dobbin is a horse! DARRIN is my husband."

This refers to the common horse name "Dobbin" used for centuries. Shakespeare's "The Merchant of Venice" has the line: "Thou hast got more hair on thy chin than Dobbin my fill-horse has on his tail." Also, the 1800's children's story "Dobbin the Blacksmith" championed the equine traits of its subject:

Like Dobbin, let us learn to keep
A watchful eye and silent tongue;
And never let our conscience sleep
When idle gossips we're among.

In # 30, "George, the Warlock," Samantha says, "There's Lolita now." Lolita was the title of the controversial 1955 novel by Vladimir Nabokov and 1962 film directed by Stanley Kubrick. Lolita, the title character, was a teenage sex pot that went after older men.

In another from this episode, Endora says that George was the inspiration for Edgar Allen Poe's "Quoth the raven never more." This is in reference to Poe's famous poem, "The Raven."

In yet another reference, George tells Samantha that he sensed her unhappiness, and wanted to "swoop down like Lochinvar." Lochinvar was a poem by Sir Walter Scott. The title character, Lochinvar, was a mythical knight who was known as a great lover and would enrapture women in his spell. Excerpt:

One touch to her hand and one word in her ear,
When they reached the hall-door, and the charger stood near;
So light to the croupe the fair lady he swung,
So light to the saddle before her he sprung!
‘She is won! we are gone, over bank, bush, and scaur;
They’ll have fleet steeds that follow,’ quoth young Lochinvar.

In # 31, "That Was My Wife," Darrin says, "Sometimes I feel like I'm married to Peter Pan."

In # 46, "Junior Executive," Sam jokingly calls Darrin Peter Pan.

Another Bardot reference (CLICK HERE for the other) occurs in # 33, "A Change of Face," when Sam changes herself into a French woman because "Darrin is partial to Brigitte Bardot."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 33, "A Change of Face" - Darrin says, "I've grown accustomed to my face."

# 253, "Samantha's Witchcraft Blows a Fuse" - After Samantha develops red stripes disease, Darrin has her look at her face in the mirror, and she says, "And I bet you thought you'd grown accustomed to my face."

Both episodes are referring to the song, "I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face," written by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Lowe for the 1956 Broadway musical, "My Fair Lady," with Rex Harrison and Julie Andrews. It later became an Oscar (CLICK HERE) winner for Best Picture for the 1964 movie starring Rex Harrison and Audrey Hepburn.

In # 34, "Remember the Main," Endora mentions that the debate between the Morning Glory Circle councilmen was the greatest thing since the Lincoln-Douglas debates. The Lincoln-Douglas debates were a series of formal political debates between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen A. Douglas in a campaign for one of Illinois' two United States Senate seats. Although Lincoln lost the election, these debates launched him into national prominence which eventually led to his election as President of the United States.

In # 37, "Alias Darrin Stephens," Samantha says to Darrin, "I'll call the Starlight Roof and tell them we'll be a little late."

The Starlight Roof, an ode to 1930's Art Deco in crystal located on the top floor of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel on Park Avenue, was NYC's ultimate night spot from its opening in 1933 until the early 1970s. Strictly for the social elite, Elizabeth's parents, and aunt and uncle were photographed there on a few occasions. The Starlight Roof got its name for how, at the press of a button at a key point in the late evening, the roof actually opened wide so that the patrons could dance under the stars.

In # 38, "A Very Special Delivery," Endora is listening to Darrin and Samantha, and responds to Darrin's comments with an ascerbic, "The voice of the turtle!"

"The Voice of the Turtle" is a romantic comedy by John Van Druten that opened on Broadway in 1943. It was one of the longest-running nonmusical comedies in Broadway history, with 1,557 performances. The plot centers on the romance of World War II soldiers on leave one weekend in April. The title of the play refers to a passage from the Biblical Song of Solomon: "Rise up, my love. For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone; the flowers appear on the earth, the time of the singing of birds is come, and the voice of the turtle is heard in our land." Actually, "turtle" is short for "turtledove," a bird with a plaintive springtime song.

In # 39, "We're In for a Bad Spell," when Clara is looking up Adam Newlarkin's name in the Book of Spells, she finds him listed between the New York Mets and Richard Nixon. Yeah, they were cursed, alright!
(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another Nixon reference, this time from # 161, "Marriage, Witches’ Style," Serena is filling out an application at the computer dating service. One of the questions is, "Who is your favorite political figure?"
Serena: "Oh, that's easy. Julius Caesar."
Samantha: "They mean today!"
Serena: "I still think Julie is cuter than Dickie.

Another Caesar reference: # 5, "Help, Help, Don't Save Me" - CLICK HERE

In another reference from # 39, "We're In for a Bad Spell," when Adam and Samantha return home, they find Darrin and Aunt Clara in costume. He looks at Clara and says, "I know that lady." Aunt Clara: "I'm Whistler's Mother."
In 1871, artist James Whistler painted his well-known Arrangement in Grey and Black, No. 1: Portrait of the Artist's Mother which is commonly known as "Whistler's Mother."

In yet another reference from this episode, Adam Newlarkin, after being dunked in the water twice, comes to the table in a dry suit. Darrin says that he got the extra suit from the manager of the restaurant. Adam sarcastically replies, "Well, I don't think it's Savile Row!" Savile Row is the London street at the heart of the English bespoke tailoring industry, tracing its history back to the 1806 firm of Henry Poole & Co. Serving royalty and movie stars alike, Savile Row is known for containing the finest collection of tailors in the world.

In # 41, "The Joker is a Card" and # 110, "Business, Italian Style," Endora mentions La Scala. Located in Milan, La Scala, or its full name Teatro Alla Scala, which means "Theatre at the Stairway" in Italian, is one of the principal opera houses of the world. It was built in 1776 by the Empress Maria Theresa of Austria, who at that time ruled Milan.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 41, "The Joker is a Card," Endora zaps a "Beatles" wig onto Darrin's head and refers to him as Ringo. She also admonishes him not to "Flip your wig."

While she may be most directly referring to 1964's 'The Beatles - Flip Your Wig Game', an earlier origin of the phrase dates back to when wigs were a popular French fashion that was brought back to England by Charles II. The only thing that held a man's wig in place was a tight fit. Men frequently "put their best foot forward" when bowing to a lady in order not to "flip their wigs," a potentially embarrassing moment.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 41, "The Joker is a Card," Uncle Arthur tells a joke about shooting an elephant in his pajamas. Because Groucho Marx delivered this joke in the 1930 film Animal Crackers, it is often erroneously attributed to him. Marx Bros. screenwriter Morrie Ryskind is the true father of the joke, which provides the title of Ryskind's autobiography, "I Shot an Elephant in My Pajamas."

In # 42, "Take Two Aspirin and Half a Pint of Porpoise Milk," the client is asking Samantha how she grew all of the Black Peruvian Roses. She replies, "A little perseverance and suddenly everything was coming up Black Peruvian Roses." The show stopping song from the musical Gypsy, "Everything's Coming Up Roses" was written by Stephen Sondheim and Jule Styne. The musical originated on Broadway in 1959 with Ethel Merman as Mama Rose, and then later as a movie musical in 1962 with Natalie Wood as Gypsy Rose Lee and Rosalind Russell in the role Merman created on stage.

In # 44, "The Very Informal Dress," Montague describes Darrin as having "a big sword, like Richard Burton!"

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 44, "The Very Informal Dress," egotistical health nut and McMann & Tate client, Charles Barlow, tells Samantha, "Some people have been flattering enough to compare me with Louis Pasteur and Bernarr MacFadden."

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a French microbiologist and chemist. He is most famous for his germ theory of diseases which states that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. He is also responsible for creating the first vaccine against rabies.

Bernarr MacFadden (1868 - 1955) was known as "The Father of Physical Culture". He was a millionaire publisher and a lifelong advocate of physical fitness, natural foods and natural remedies for illness.

In # 45, "...And Then I Wrote," the confederate soldier from Samantha's imagination says to her, "You're no Lillian Hellman."

Lillian Hellman (1905-1984) was a famous American playwright whose works include "The Children's Hour" and "Toys In The Attic." Despite only writing 12 plays, she was a leading voice in American theatre, and was also active on the political stage. In the early 50s she was blacklisted for refusing to name names to the House Un-American Activities Committee, and was sentenced to 6 years in prison.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Two musical references from # 45, "...And Then I Wrote":

- Samantha is thinking about the musical she may have to write, when two vaudevillian performers pop in singing "The Old Piano Roll Blues." Written in 1949 by Cy Coben, it was a big hit throughout the 50s and 60s, and was covered by Eddie Cantor, Liberace, and others.

- As Samantha's play characters act out their final scene, the Indian says, "As the orchestra hits 'Glory, Glory, Hallelujah!' the music swells to a crescendo and the curtain slowly falls." Those words come from the chorus of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic," written for the United States during the American Civil War, by Julia Ward Howe. It was first published in The Atlantic Monthly in February 1862, and is commonly regarded as the northern counterpart to the southern song "Dixie."

In # 46, "Junior Executive," after Endora has changed Durwood into his younger self, he wakes up and asks what time it is. Endora: "Why don't you check your Mickey Mouse watch!"

For another Mickey Mouse reference - CLICK HERE

Another for: # 46, "Junior Executive" - CLICK HERE

In # 47, "Aunt Clara’s Old Flame," Clara and Hedley Partridge say that they once changed themselves into nightingales. Clara says, "Yes, we were the first two nightingales in Berkeley Square..." "A Nightingale Sang In Berkeley Square" (Music by Manning Sherwin/Lyrics by Eric Mashwitz) is a romantic ballad from the 1940 London musical New Faces.

In # 49, "My Boss the Teddy Bear," the client suggested that Darrin put on his Dr. Denton's to play with the Teddy Bear (which Darrin thought was really Larry under a spell). Early in the 19th century, children commonly wore loose nightdresses and nightshirts to bed, but this sleepwear could hike up, leaving children exposed and unprotected. Dr. Denton's pajamas, first introduced around 1850, solved that problem by encasing the child in fabric from neck to toe. The new pajamas also included covering for the child's hands, which prevented thumb sucking.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 49, "My Boss the Teddy Bear," Darrin and Samantha buy twenty-four teddybears because they think one of them is Larry and they don't know which one. Darrin tells the clerk that they are going to have a picnic.
"The Teddy Bear's picnic" is an old childrens song, the music and Lyrics were written by John W. Bratton and James B. Kennedy. It was first published in 1907.

# 51, “A Vision of Sugar Plums” - CLICK HERE
# 54, “And Then There Were Three” - CLICK HERE

In # 55, "My Baby the Tycoon," Darrin, thinking that Tabitha has influenced the stock market, explains to her, "When the stocks act strangely, the public panics. And that causes disasters, like the Big Crash in 1929." The Stock Market Crash of 1929 was the economic disaster that precipitated the Great Depression, a 10-year economic slump affecting all the Western industrialized countries, and the most devastating time period in world economic history, leaving millions hungry and out of work.

In # 58, "The Dancing Bear," Tabitha's hexed toy is compared to "Nureyev", a reference to Russian-born ballet dancer/choreographer Rudolf Nureyev (1938-1993) who defected to the west while performing in Paris in 1961, and became one of the most celebrated dancers of the 20th century.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 58, "The Dancing Bear," when Mrs. Stephens gifts Tabatha with a teddy bear just like the one Endora brought her, Darrin tries to turn it into a positive by saying, "I think that's terrific! She'll be the only girl on the block with two teddy bears!"
Endora responds, "Make it three and you can change her name to 'Goldilocks'."

This is in reference to the main character from the famous fairytale "Goldilocks and the Three Bears" which was first printed in 1837 in the poet Robert Southey's book "The Doctor."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In yet another for # 58, "The Dancing Bear," Darrin asks Endora, "Does the bear start singing La Traviata?"

First performed in 1853, La Traviata, or "The Woman Who Strayed," is an opera by Giuseppe Verdi, set to an Italian libretto by Francesco Maria Piave.

In # 59, "Double Tate," Larry Tate tells Darrin that he cannot leave Chicago's airport because of the fog. Darrin asks, "The fog?" Larry sarcastically replies, "Yes, you know, it comes on little cat feet?" This refers to the poem Fog, by Pulitzer Prize winning biographer and poet Carl Sandburg (1878-1967).

The fog comes
on little cat feet.

It sits looking
over harbor and city
on silent haunches
and then moves on.

In # 60, "Samantha the Dressmaker," Samantha tells Aubert (in french) not to look a gift horse in the mouth. "Looking a gift horse in the mouth" is an old saying from horse trading days when many thought that the best way to tell a horse's age and health was to look at his teeth. Therefore, when buying a horse, you looked in his mouth. The saying became associated with not questioning a free gift.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 60, "Samantha the Dressmaker," Endora's exclamation mentions "the great beard of Merlin!" referring to Merlin the Magician of the King Arthur fable, who acted as King Arthur's advisor, prophet & magician.

The prophet Merlin, first appearring (c. 1135 ) in Geoffrey of Monmouth's 'History of the Kings of Britain' is actually the composite of two older story-strands: a long-lived British folkloric "Wildman of the Woods," sometimes called Lailoken or Myrddin, and a story from Nennius' 'Historia Brittonum' of a fatherless boy called Ambrosius who prophesies the doom of King Vortigern.

In # 62, "Baby’s First Paragraph," Darrin is on the phone with someone who wants to rent Tabitha for a series of tests, when he concludes the call with, "...Look, why don't you guys go back to finding a cure for the common cold!" When Samantha asks who that was, he replies, "The Mayo Clinic."

The Mayo Clinic evolved gradually from the frontier practices of Dr. William Worrall Mayo (certified in 1850) and his two sons, William J. and Charles H.. Inviting others to join them, they began a new way of practicing medicine, developing it as a cooperative science that de-emphasized individualism.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Two more references occur in # 62, "Baby’s First Paragraph," while Samantha and Darrin are watching TV. A newscaster is heard to say, "Reliable sources report that the Stephens' have already been contacted by the Hollywood Palace TV Show." One of television's first studios, The Hollywood Palace, once a theater, was home to the TV show which ran from January 4, 1964 to February 7, 1970, and hosted such Bewitched cast members as Elizabeth Montgomery and Paul Lynde.

The newscaster continues with, "And this evening, TASS, the Russian News agency, announced that in Moscow, a baby two weeks younger than Tabatha Stephens speaks perfect Russian." With exclusive rights to gather and distribute information outside the country, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) was founded as their central information agency on July 10, 1925.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Yet another reference occurs in # 62, "Baby’s First Paragraph," when the mailman delivers a scholarship offer to Tabatha from Harvard University. Harvard University, established in 1636, was named for its first benefactor, young minister John Harvard of Charlestown. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, founded just 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth.

Louise and Larry are arguing in # 64, "Double Split," when Louise refers to Larry as Snow White.

# 216, "The Good Fairy Strikes Again, part 2" - For Mr. Ferber's Reducealator ad campaign, Darrin uses the slogan "Whittle While You Work," spoofing the song "Whistle While You Work," (Frank Churchill and Larry Morey) from Disney's "Snow White." (For another slogan for the Reducealator - CLICK HERE)

In # 240, "The Eight-Year Witch," Endora says that she is like Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 64, "Double Split," when Darrin and Samantha are arguing, Darrin interrupts Sam to say, "Hold it, hold it! Stop the world! We are about to get the word from the High Lama." "Lama" is a term in Tibetan Buddhism meaning "teacher," similar to "guru" in Hinduism. Here the term "high lama" may refer to the Dalai Lama, who, from the 17th century to 1959, was the head of Tibetan government. The current Dalai Lama heads the political movement to regain independence for Tibet from Chinese rule.

In # 71, "The Catnapper," Samantha says that she found Endora in Tibet, having tea with the "lord high lama."

(Another reference for # 64, "Double Split," below.)

In # 64, "Double Split," Larry says to Louise, "Some men are fortunate enough to have wives who are sympathetic and understanding. After a hard day in the rat race, they don't have to come home to a mouse that roars." This refers to the 1955 novel by Irish writer Leonard Wibbeley, "The Mouse That Roared," a cold-war satire that proposes an attack on New York by a tiny European nation which has tired of unfair trading practices. The novel was sent to the silver screen in 1959 under the same title and starring Peter Sellers.

In # 66, "Follow that Witch," Sam is painting a rocking chair as Harriet Kravitz (Abner's sister) enters. After Harriet leaves, Sam shrinks the chair, to make sure that her can of paint can cover it all. Of course, Harriet immediately returns, and sees the now tiny chair. Sam explains the size difference by saying "It wasn't Sanforized." (A process that is still used today to keep fabrics from shrinking.)

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 66, "Follow that Witch," Charlie Leach says, "Let me tell you, this guy makes Mickey Mouse look like Jack the Ripper." The contrast being that Mickey Mouse is the gentle cartoon creation of Walt Disney and Jack the Ripper is the famous London serial killer from the 19th Century.

For another Mickey Mouse reference - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

More from # 66 - 67, "Follow that Witch - Parts 1 & 2":

Charmaine says, "I thought I was marrying Peter Gunn (a suave TV detective of the time), but instead, I ended up with Peter Rabbit." (For another Peter Rabbit reference - CLICK HERE)

Charlie Leach asks Samantha if she can "fly like Batman."

When Sam zaps Charlie to a building ledge, he tells himself to "Try to think what James b-b-b-Bond would do in a situation like this." (For another Bond reference - CLICK HERE)

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In "67, "Follow that Witch - Part 2," Charlie Leach tells Samantha, "I don't figure you to be one of those evil witches. You know, in my job, you have to be a good judge of character. I got you figured more like Glinda, you know, the Good Witch of the North, in The Wizard of Oz."

In another Glinda reference, this time from # 177, "To Trick or Treat or Not to Trick or Treat," a client wants to use an ugly old crone for his ad campaign, because "Everyone knows witches have hooked noses, warts and blacked-out teeth," Darrin recommends that he use a more wholesome image, like Glinda, the Good Witch of the North, instead.

# 68, "A Bum Rap" - CLICK HERE

In # 69, "Divided, He Falls," Darrin leads a poolside sing-along of "If You Knew Susie," a song written by B.G. DeSylva and Joseph Meyer in 1925, and made popular by vaudeville showman Eddie Cantor. The song was one of Cantor's biggest hits, and in 1948, he would produce and star in a movie of the same name.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 69, "Divided, He Falls," when Samantha tells her mother that she and Darrin are going to dinner with the Tates at a country club Endora says she'd like to help and asks, "Do you have four mice and a pumpkin around?"
Samantha replies, "I have already met my Prince Charming."

This is in reference to the 17th century tale "Cinderella" when her Fairy Godmother make a horse drawn carriage from mice and a pumpkin to take her to the ball where she meets Prince Charming. In the original tale the prince has no name but was bestowed "Charming" by Walt Disney in his 1950 animated version of the tale.

For another Prince Charming reference - CLICK HERE

In # 71, "The Catnapper," Endora tells Samantha that her "mortal roommate seems to be getting the seven-year-itch five years early" when he begins working nights. "The Seven-Year Itch," a play by George Axelrod, was brought to the screen in 1955 by Billy Wilder and starring Marilyn Monroe. It is perhaps most famous for the publicity photo of Miss Monroe's white dress being blown awry over a subway grating.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 71, "The Catnapper," Endora's spell calls on "Krishna" to change "the cat to that woman again." This is a curious spell, as the story is taking place in Tibet, a country in which Buddhism is predominant. Yet "Krishna" is a deity of Hinduism, one of the incarnations of the god Vishnu, who is one of the trinity of Hindu gods.

For another reference from this episode - CLICK HERE

In # 72, "What Every Young Man Should Know," Endora's spell:

Backward, turn backward, O Time, in thy flight...
is a reference to the famous 1860 poem 'Rock Me to Sleep, Mother' by Elizabeth Akers Allen. The poem starts:
Backward, turn backward, O Time, in your flight;
Make me a child again just for tonight.

In # 73, "The Girl with the Golden Nose," Dave says at the bar, "As the song goes, women get weary wearing the same shabby dress." This is a line from "Try a Little Tenderness," lyrics and music by Harry Woods, Jimmy Campbell & Reg Connelly; recorded by Bing Crosby in 1933.

She may be weary -- women do get weary
Wearing the same shabby dress.
And when she's weary, Try a little tenderness...

In # 74, "Prodigy," Samantha comes up with an idea to get Gladys' brother to play at the benefit, to which Darrin replies, "Sam, you're not Sol Hurok!"

Russian-born, American impresario Sol Hurok (pictured here with singer Marian Anderson), presented more than 4,000 artists and companies, including the Bolshoi Ballet, when they toured abroad. He made a significant contribution to the cause of peace by arranging visits of Russian opera and ballet companies to the U.S. at the height of the Cold War.


The bouncing ball sequence, first used in # 77, "Witches and Warlocks Are My Favorite Things," then again in #s 95, 165 and 199, is from the Disney movie, Sleeping Beauty. Endora's glowing, follow-me ball that she used to wake Samantha and get her downstairs to talk to her in private, is inspired by the bouncing ball Malificent used to lead Sleeping Beauty to the spinning wheel, where the fair princess pricks her finger and falls into a deep sleep due to the evil witch's spell.

For another Sleeping Beauty reference - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for episode # 77 below.)

William Shakespeare - The English poet and playwright who produced most of his work between 1586 and 1616. He wrote nearly 40 plays, as well as many poems and sonnets.

Numerous references to William Shakespeare and his works can be found throughout Bewitched...

# 77, "Witches and Warlocks Are My Favorite Things" - Hagatha and Enchantra arrive in a driverless car. Hagatha (addressing the car): "Macbeth, we won't be needing you for a while." (Macbeth)

# 95, "The Trial and Error of Aunt Clara" - The judge and witches arrive in a driverless car referred to as Macbeth. (Macbeth)

# 101, "The Crone of Cawdor," The title character may be derived from "The Thane of Cawdor," a traitor to the King. (Macbeth)

# 161, "Marriage, Witches’ Style" - Franklin's father's car is named Macduff (the assassin from Macbeth). (Macbeth)

# 167, “Daddy Does His Thing” - The chauffeur of Maurice's car is referred to as "Macbeth". (Macbeth)

# 168, "Samantha’s Good News"
- We learned that both Maurice and John Van Millwood were Shakespearean actors, having played Hamlet. (Hamlet)
- Maurice (reading to Tabitha from Macbeth): "We open on three nice witches, stirring a great big pot." (Macbeth)

# 171, "Samantha and the Beanstalk" - Samantha and Darrin were discussing names for the baby. Sam was considering James or Susan, but said she wanted something more romantic. Darrin: "How about Romeo for a boy and Juliet for a girl?" (Romeo and Juliet)

In this same episode. Endora reminisces that "As a child I use to zap myself into literature at the drop of a hat. Of course, I was more precocious. I know I had this mad thing for "Hamlet." She mentions that one day she changed places with Ophelia and had a "delightful time confusing my nurse." Then then corrects herself, saying that that was the time she played Juliet. Endora is referring to the Shakespeare plays "Hamlet" and "Romeo Juliet" and the characters Hamelt and Ophelia from "Hamlet", and the Nurse and Juliet from "Romeo and Juliet."

# 177, “To Trick or Treat or Not to Trick or Treat” - Samantha: "To twitch or not to twitch, that is the question--Whether 'tis nobler in the the mind to suffer the slings and arrows..." (Hamlet)

# 181, "Darrin, the Warlock" - Maurice: "What fools these mortals be." (Midsummer Night's Dream)

# 213, "Sisters at Heart" - Sam: "Out, out, darn spots!" (Macbeth)

# 237, “A Plague on Maurice and Samantha” - Maurice: "Alas, poor Yorick; he's not well." (Hamlet) Commonly misquoted as "Alas, poor Yorick; I knew him well," the actual line from Hamlet is: "Alas poor Yorick! I knew him, Horatio."

For Shakespeare references in episode titles - CLICK HERE

In # 78, "Accidental Twins," Aunt Clara is telling a story to Tabitha and Jonathan Tate. Clara says, "...And the mean, nasty wolf huffed and puffed, and in one breath he blew the whole house down." This refers to the story of The Three Little Pigs, in which each pig builds a house of various materials, the first two of flimsy straw and sticks, which the hungry wolf destroys by merely blowing on them. Perhaps the best known version of this story comes from Joseph Jacobs' rendition published in his 1898 English Fairy Tales. Jacobs credits his source as James Orchard Halliwell, in his 1849 Popular Rhymes and Nursery Tales.

In # 79, "A Most Unusual Wood Nymph," Samantha suggests that Geri watch TV because there is a good movie on. Geri asks what it is, and Samantha says, "The Cat and the Canary." While there is an earlier 1927 silent version starring Laura La Plante, it's more likely that what would have been televised was the 1939 version of this comedy/mystery, starring Bob Hope and Paulette Goddard.

# 80, "Endora Moves In for a Spell" - While feuding with Endora, Uncle Arthur tells Samantha, "Anything she can zap, I can zap better." This is a reference to "Anything You Can Do, I Can Do Better," a song from the 1946 musical, Annie Get Your Gun, which Irving Berlin wrote specifically for Ethel Merman.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another from # 80, "Endora Moves In for a Spell," Endora and Uncle Arthur are arguing over whether or not her newly zapped up house will stay. Endora calls Arthur "Little Boy Blue," which refers to the poem of the same name by Mother Goose.

Little Boy Blue, come blow your horn,
the sheep's in the meadow,
the cow's in the corn.
Where's the little boy that tends the sheep?
He's under the haystack fast asleep.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In yet another from # 80, "Endora Moves In for a Spell," when Uncle Arthur sees Endora's new house pop up on the street that he's walking Tabatha on, he comments, "It has to be Endora. The Madame Lafarge of all time." This refers to French murderess Madame Lafarge, who poisoned her husband in the early 19th century, and was later found guilty by the first of use of forensics in a trial.

Willie Mays appears as himself (but as a warlock) at Endora's Halloween party in, # 81, "Twitch or Treat."

The poem that Endora recites at the Halloween party, "The Night Before Halloween," is a twisted take on the famous Christmas poem, "The Night Before Christmas," by Clement Clarke Moore.

For more references to the poem - CLICK HERE

Another for: # 81, "Twitch or Treat" - CLICK HERE

     

In # 82, "Dangerous Diaper Dan," Diaper Dan refers to Mr. Kimberly as "Mother Hubbard," a name derived from the Mother Goose poem "Old Mother Hubbard," written by Sarah Catherine Martin in 1804.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another from # 82, "Dangerous Diaper Dan," when Samantha exclaims, "Who's going to hear?" Endora responds with, "That's what Lincoln said about the Gettysburg Address." The Gettysburg Address was given on Nov. 19, 1863 at the dedication of the Gettysburg Cemetery by President Abraham Lincoln near the end of the Civil War.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In yet another from # 82, "Dangerous Diaper Dan," Darrin says that "telling a woman a secret is like broadcasting over Telstar." Although not the first communications satellite, Telstar is the best known of all and is probably considered by most observers to have ushered in the era of satellite communications. This impression was a result of the tremendous impact upon the public by the first transmission of live television across the Atlantic Ocean. Telstar I was launched on July 10, 1962, and on that same day live television pictures originating in the United States were received in France.

In another Telstar reference, this time from # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster," Darrin's Scottish friend Robbie, enthusiastic about the "Monster" sighting, mentions that it is going to be telecast by Telstar. Bruce (now restored to Warlock form) responds, "Telstar, huh, imagine that!?"

For more ref's from # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster" - CLICK HERE

In # 83, "The Short Happy Circuit of Aunt Clara," Darrin is pitching various ideas to the owner of MacElroy Shoes for their campaign:

- "Buttons and Bows," sung by Bob Hope in the 1948 movie "The Paleface," which won the Oscar (CLICK HERE) for Best Song in 1949.
- "Shoo-Shoo Baby," a song made famous by the Andrews Sisters in the 1943 film "Three Cheers for the Boys."
- "The Old Woman Who Lived in a Shoe," the nursery rhyme that first appeared in print in 1797.
- "There's No Business Like Shoe Business" - A reference to both the "Annie Get Your Gun" song
(CLICK HERE), as well as Ed Sullivan saying "show" like "shoe" (CLICK HERE).
- "Whistle While You Work," (Frank Churchill and Larry Morey) from Disney's "Snow White"
(CLICK HERE).
- "The Elves and the Shoemaker," by the Brothers Grimm. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm were German brothers famous for their collections of folk songs and folktales, especially for Kinder- und Hausmärchen [Grimm's Fairy Tales] (1812-1822).

# 84, "I'd Rather Twitch Than Fight" - CLICK HERE

In # 85, "Oedipus Hex," the client says, "So there we were, a couple of GIs, fresh from the Battle of the Bulge, when we saw this French mademoiselle washin' her clothes down by the river!" Occurring between 12/16/44 and 1/16/45, the Battle of the Bulge (aka The Ardennes Offensive) was the last German offensive on the Western Front, and the largest land battle of World War II in which the US participated. It was an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 85, "Oedipus Hex," Larry complains to Samantha that the popcorn snackers are hungry for sandwiches, which she's said she's unwilling to fix. "Well, I'm sorry," she says, "but them's the conditions that prevail." This is a quote from singer Jimmy Durante.

# 87, "My Friend Ben" - To help Aunt Clara remember a spell, Samantha zaps up a chalice with water from the mythical Fountain of Youth, and incants, "From the Fountain of Youth, a drink I pour, you'll be ten years younger than you were before." The "Fountain of Youth" is a mythical vitality-giving spring famously sought after by Spanish explorer Juan Ponce de Leon (1460-1521) who founded Puerto Rico for Spain.

The Real Don Steele appears as himself in, # 88, "Samantha for the Defense."

In # 89, "A Gazebo Never Forgets," Samantha's house is invaded by the bank president Mr. Scranton, his associate Mr. Hawkins and Larry Tate after Mr. Hawkins claims to have seen a pink polka-dotted elephant there. Mr. Scranton tells Mr. Hawkins, who has been taking the group all over the house in order to find the elephant, that if it is in the kitchen he'll "come a runnin'". As Mr. Scranton and Larry wait in the living room, Mr. Hawkins opens the kitchen door and sees the elephant. He then returns and says, "The elephant is in the kitchen." to which Larry replies, "And the king is in the counting house." Mr. Scranton follows up with, "Counting out his money."

Larry and Mr. Scranton are quoting part of an 18th century poem familiar to many as "Sing a Song of Sixpence" which reads as follows:

Sing a song of sixpence
A pocket full of rye
Four and twenty blackbirds
Baked in a pie.

When the pie was opened
The birds began to sing
Was that not a tasty dish
To set before a king?

The King was in his counting house
Counting out his money
The Queen was in the parlor
Eating bread and honey.

The Maid was in the garden
Hanging out the clothes
When down came a blackbird
And snapped off her nose!

This poem is not as innocent as it looks, as it was originally used by the pirate Blackbeard's crew as a coded message to recruit more pirates for their illegal journeys.

In # 91, "Sam in the Moon," after sarcastically telling Darrin that she went to the moon, an exasperated Samantha says, "One of these days...!" Sam trails off there, allowing the viewer to mentally fill in Ralph's familiar phrase from The Honeymooners: "One of these days, Alice, POW, to the moon!"

In more from this episode: Concerned that Sam has actually beat NASA to the moon, Darrin visits Larry Tate, who is watching famous golf pro, Jack Nicklaus, on the TV in his den.

And, of course, the whole episode revolved around the reference to NASA, which is a pop culture reference unto itself.

For another NASA reference - CLICK HERE

When talking about the Reactor Mach II to Samantha in # 93, "Super Car," Darrin says, "It makes the Batmobile look like a skateboard!"

In both # 95, "The Trial and Error of Aunt Clara" and # 165, "Samantha’s Power Failure," Endora, having turned herself into a glowing ball of light, awakens Samantha. Sam reacts by telling her, "Mother, will you stop bouncing around like Tinker Bell and tell me what's going on?"

In # 242, "Adam, Warlock or Washout," Maurice arrives in a litter chair born by four girls. He later approaches one, and says, "Tinker Bell, park the litter."

In Sir James M. Barrie's original 1924 play, Tinker Bell was staged as a flying point of light beamed from offstage. Animator Marc Davis' personification of her as a winged pixie with a very womanly figure in 1953's Peter Pan, was widely criticized as too sexually suggestive by Barrie purists, especially after it was rumored that she was modeled after actress Marilyn Monroe. Tink was actually modeled after Margaret Kerry, the actress who performed her live-action reference.

For more bouncing ball references - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for # 95, "The Trial and Error of Aunt Clara" below.)

# 95, "The Trial and Error of Aunt Clara" - Judge Bean, the magistrate who sentenced Aunt Clara to be earthbound due to her failing powers, was almost certainly named after a real life Judge Bean, also known for meting out odd and harsh punishments.

Judge Roy Bean (1827 - 1903), the self-proclaimed 'Law West of the Pecos', was known as the most notorious justice of the peace. He served in a Texas town named Vinegaroon, which he later renamed Langtry, supposedly after the famous English stage actress, Lilly Langtry, who he never actually met.

Shakespeare reference for: # 95, "The Trial and Error of Aunt Clara" - CLICK HERE

In # 96, "Three Wishes," when Endora thinks Darrin is making up stories to get out of taking Samantha to Hawaii, she says, "He'll never win an Oscar for that performance."

Oscar is the coveted award given for achievement in movie making presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The first Oscar ceremony was held in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel Blossom Room. The first ceremony broadcast was on radio in 1930, and was co-hosted by Agnes Moorehead, who co-hosted yet again in 1948.

In # 101, "The Crone of Cawdor," Samantha tells Endora that you can catch more flies with sugar than with vinegar. Endora replies, "Tell that to the Dodger outfield."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 101, "The Crone of Cawdor," Endora masquerades as a snooty fashion designer to better examine the fake Terry Warbell. This was an inspired nod to Edith Head, the Oscar-winning Hollywood studio costume designer famous for her trademark bangs, prim suits, and round glasses. In her 60-year career, Edith Head won 8 Oscars, was nominated 35 times, and worked on over 1100 films.

Shakespeare reference for: # 101, "The Crone of Cawdor" - CLICK HERE

In # 103, "It’s Wishcraft," Darrin is worrying about Tabatha showing her powers off when his parents come to visit. While holding a toy rabbit, he says, "What happens when she twitches her nose, and Peter Rabbit here goes flying into my mother's lap?" Peter Rabbit was the title character of one of Beatrix Potter's most famous stories.

For another Peter Rabbit reference - CLICK HERE

In # 106, "Nobody but a Frog Knows How to Live," Sam has a spell that says, "It's easier to turn a bee into a purple cow." This refers to the 1896 Gelett Burgess poem, "The Purple Cow."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 106, "Nobody but a Frog Knows How to Live," Samantha tries explaining Fergus' situation to Darrin by saying, "Do you remember the fairy tale about the princess that put a frog on her pillow and the next morning when she woke up he turned into a handsome prince? Well, it's the same thing only in reverse."

She is referring to the Grimms' fairytale titled 'The Frog Prince' where a selfish princess loses her golden ball down a well. A frog retrieves it but tells her that he wishes to be repaid at a later time. After she has forgotten about him, he suddenly shows up at the castle door one day requesting to eat with her, even off her plate. She is repulsed but her parents know that she owes him. He insists that he also sleep on her bed. When they awake he has regained his princely human form.

In # 108, "Long Live the Queen," when Sam informs Darrin of her impending coronation, he says, "What does that make me? Prince Valiant?!"

Hal Foster, who previously drew the popular "Tarzan" feature, was asked by William Randolph Hearst to create a strip for Hearst's chain of newspapers. Basing it on King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, Foster created Derek, Son of Thane. Hearst was enchanted by everything about the strip except the hero's name, rechristening him Prince Valiant. A Sunday-only feature, Prince Valiant first appeared Feb. 13, 1937.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 108, "Long Live the Queen" - When Darrin is wanting Samantha to turn in her crown, he tells her she's been "Queen for a Day." This is in reference to a game show that aired from 1956-1964 with host Jack Bailey. Another version was done in 1969 with Dick Curtis, but it only lasted a year. On one of daytime television's most popular tear-jerkers, four women were chosen each day from the studio audience. They appeared on stage one at a time, and each woman told about the great tragedies and misfortunes in her life. At the end of each program, studio audience applause determined the day's winner, who was proclaimed "Queen for a Day" and showered with gifts.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 108, "Long Live the Queen" - Referring to the gathering of transformees he's just met in the front yard, Darrin tells Endora, "You'd better hurry -- you'll miss the Monster Rally!" "Monster Rally" was a 1950 compilation of macabre cartoons (including The Addams Family) by Charles Addams, most of which originally appeared in The New Yorker magazine.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 108, "Long Live the Queen" - When Samantha is trying to explain to Darrin that their refurnished living room, compliments of Queen Ticheba, makes the Queen feel more comfortable, he asks, "Where does she live? The Taj Mahal?!"

# 109, "Toys in Babeland" - The witch postman tells Endora that there is a big 'To-Do' in her honor at the Taj Mahal.

The Taj Mahal is a 17th century white marble mausoleum built by Emperor Shah Jehan to enshrine the mortal remains of his Queen Mumtaz Mahal in Agra, India.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 109, "Toys in Babeland" - Worried about what the guests will think of the dancing toys, Darrin asks Samantha, "What shall I tell them? 'Welcome to Disneyland?!'"

# 213, "Sisters at Heart" - When Tabitha is about to remove the spots from her and Lisa, she says, "But remember, we're still sisters, and you'll come visit." Lisa enthusiastically replies, "All the time! This is better than Disneyland!"

Disneyland, the world's most recognized theme park, was opened in Southern California in July 1955 and has been known as "the happiest place on Earth" ever since.

For another from # 109, "Toys in Babeland" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for # 109, "Toys in Babeland" below.)

In two more references for # 109, "Toys in Babeland," both said by Larry when he, Samantha, and Darrin were in a bar with Max, the toy soldier.

- Darrin tries to pay for Larry's drink, and Larry responds with "I suppose you think that's going to make up for stabbing me in the back, you Brutus". This is a reference to Marcus Brutus, one of the conspirators to kill Julius Caesar in Rome in 44 BC.

- A few minutes later, when he goes up to the soldier, Larry starts to say "Max, I want you to tell Benedict Ar..." and then stops. He is referencing Benedict Arnold, the infamous general from the American Revolutionary War that faced corruption charges for being a traitor.

In # 110, "Business, Italian Style," Darrin enters the kitchen speaking in Italian. When Samantha acts surprised, he says, "Who were you expecting, Marcello Mastroianni?"

Marcello was one of the most famous international movie stars, an Italian born September 28, 1924. He worked with many great directors including Federico Fellini. He passed away December 19, 1996.

For another from # 110, "Business, Italian Style" - CLICK HERE

# 111, "Double, Double, Toil and Trouble"

- Serena references the Leonard Bernstein/Stephen Sondheim song, "I Feel Pretty," when, in disguise as Samantha and dressed in her "housewife attire," she sings the opening lyric of the song from West Side Story. It was a popular Broadway play that opened in 1957 and later became a movie that won 10 Oscars (CLICK HERE) in 1961, including Best Picture.

- Endora tells Serena: "If we wanted Sarah Bernhardt we would've sent for her!" Sarah Bernhardt was a famous French actress from the late 1800's.

- A 16th century minstrel sings a spoof of the US Air Force Anthem (Off We Go Into the Wild Blue Yonder), changing the lyrics to "wild black yonder."

Off we go into the wild blue yonder
Climbing high into the sun;
Here they come zooming to meet our thunder,
At'em boys, giv'er the gun!...

In # 113, "No Zip in My Zap," a drunken Darrin calls Endora, "Good old Smokey the Bore." Created in 1944 by the Ad Council to promote outdoor fire safety, the Smokey Bear campaign is the longest running public service campaign in US History. Smokey's correct, full name is Smokey Bear. In the popular song "Smokey The Bear" written in 1952 by Steve Nelson and Jack Rollins (who also wrote "Peter Cottontail" - CLICK HERE) a "the" was added to his name to keep the song's rhythm.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 113, "No Zip in My Zap" - Referring to Endora, Darrin asks Samantha, "Will you kindly tell Ms. Muffet to take her tuffet and get out of here?!" Little Miss Muffet was Patience, daughter of Dr. Thomas Muffet, 16th Century entomologist and author of "The Theatre of Insects," the first scientific catalogue of British native species. The first printed version of the rhyme appeared in the 1805 "Songs for the Nursery," author unknown.

Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet,
Eating her curds and whey;
Along came a spider, who sat down beside her
And frightened Miss Muffet away.

For another from # 113, "No Zip in My Zap" - CLICK HERE

In # 114, "Birdies, Bogeys, and Baxter," when Darrin is anxious to get out to the golf course early, Samantha refers to lines from the Star Spangled Banner, the National Anthem of the United States, when she asks, "What do you expect to see by the dawn's early light... outside of a flag?" Francis Scott Key penned this song when he saw that the flag was still waving after the 1814 British Royal Navy attack on Ft. McHenry in Baltimore Harbor.

Also in this episode, Endora refers to a sleeping Darrin as "Prince Charming."

For another Prince Charming reference - CLICK HERE

In the opener for # 116, "Out of Synch, Out of Mind," Darrin is delighted at the special dish that Sam has cooked on his day off. He proudly asks: "Name one other man who has crepes suzette for lunch?" Samantha jokingly replies: "Oscar of the Waldorf?"

This is a reference to Oscar Tschirky (1866-1950) the famous maître d'hôtel of Delmonico's Restaurant and subsequently the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in New York City. He was widely known as "Oscar of the Waldorf" and produced a large cookbook (or at least had his name on it) despite not being a chef. He is known, moreover, as the creator of Eggs Benedict, the Waldorf Salad, and aiding in the popularization of Thousand Island Dressing.

In # 118, "Allergic to Macedonian Dodo Birds," Endora loses her powers after coming into contact with a storybook dodo. The real dodo bird was indigenous to the island of Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean, just east of Madagascar. Very little is certain about the dodo, as no specimens (stuffed or otherwise) survive. At just under three feet tall, this relative of the pigeon has been maligned as a stupid bird, too fat to fly. Recent archaeological studies suggest that, though flightless, the bird was not as heavy as previously thought, and thus could have been a fast runner (as Darrin would attest!). The dodo was discovered during the 16th century by Portugese explorers, who mistook its friendly, trusting personality and dubbed it "dodo," a variation on the Portugese word for "simpleton." By 1681 the last dodo died, another in a long, long line of animals brought to extinction by human beings. (No dodo birds have ever been known to have existed in European Macedonia--but that's what made our BW bird so toxic!)

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 118, "Allergic to Macedonian Dodo Birds," when Darrin asks Samantha why the ailing Endora can't recoup in her own home, she replies, "You can't get there from here!"

One old joke which contains the phrase concerns a Maine old-timer who is asked by a lost businessman how to get back to Boston. After the businessman tries several of the old-timer's incorrect directions, he returns exasperated. The Maine old-timer then finally suggests: "You cahn't get theyah from heah."

While the origin of the phrase is unknown, its first appearance as the title of a book occurs in a collection of poems by Ogden Nash (1902-1971) in 1957. A poet, humorist and lyricist, Nash made many significant contributions to the literary world. Well known phrases coined by Nash include: "Candy is dandy, but liquor is quicker" and "Adam had 'em".

In # 119, "Samantha's Thanksgiving to Remember," Aunt Clara mentions fictional detective Boston Blackie.

In # 120, "Solid Gold Mother-in-Law," Samantha is upset about the pony she finds in Tabitha's room. Endora reminds her of how she had a pony when she was little (albeit a winged one): "Remember? Pegasus?"

In # 241, "Three Men and a Witch on a Horse," Samantha briefly communicates with a horse named "Count of Valor" by turning him human. She explains to the befuddled horsey-man that she's a witch. Not believing her, he responds: "Oh sure, and I'm Pegasus."

These refer to the winged flying horse of Greek myth which was born of the slain Medusa, rode by Perseus, and was welcomed to Mt. Olympus by Zeus.

In # 121, "My, What Big Ears You Have," Endora fractures the Pinocchio fairytale by casting a spell on Darrin that makes his ears grow each time he tells a lie. Published partially as a serial, then completed as the book The Adventures of Pinocchio (Le Avventure di Pinocchio) in 1883, Italian author Carlo Collodi tells the story of an animated puppet boy whose nose grows every time he tells a lie.

In # 122, "I Get Your Nanny, You Get My Goat," when Lord Montdrako zaps a rose into Darrin's mouth, Samantha says that he looks like Carmen. Carmen was the title character in the opera Carmen by Bizet. The tango is an Argentine dance of passionate love that uses a rose. Carmen was known as a world class lover of men.

Also in this episode, Darrin refers to himself as "Little Lord Fauntleroy" after being zapped into a Victorian child's outfit. First published in 1886, Francis Hobson Burnett's children's story Little Lord Fauntleroy has been a huge success, being translated into twelve languages and adapted into several films.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 122, "I Get Your Nanny, You Get My Goat," Tabitha's new nanny Elspeth has a decidedly "Mary Poppins" flavor, especially when she makes her big entrance by umbrella!
(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 247, "Serena’s Youth Pill," Serena tells Samantha that she (Serena) is not "Mary Poppins."

First published in 1934, P.L. Travers's novel, Mary Poppins, about a magically unconventional nanny, is perhaps best known for its 1964 big screen adaptation starring Julie Andrews and Dick Van Dyke. Hermione Baddeley, the actress playing Elspeth, is actually in the cast of the movie!

In # 122, "I Get Your Nanny, You Get My Goat," Larry calls the Stephens' house, looking for Darrin. Elspeth tells Larry that he can't come to the phone, because he's "Gone through the looking-glass." The client, Mr. Chappell, says, "Oh, so now he's Alice in Wonderland!"

This refers to Lewis Carroll's classic 1865 books "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and "Through the Looking Glass," where a young girl happens upon a wild place called Wonderland. The first story has her getting there by falling down a rabbit hole. In the second story, she goes through a mirror, otherwise known as a looking-glass.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 122, "I Get Your Nanny, You Get My Goat," when Elspeth descends from the ceiling in the beginning of the episode, she is singing I Do Like To Be Beside The Seaside, written by John A. Glover-Kind and made into a hit in 1909 by comic singer Mark Sheridan, a legend of the British Music Hall.

In # 123, "Humbug Not to Be Spoken Here," when Darrin tries to convince stingy client Mr. Mortimer that he needs to leave to celebrate on Christmas Eve, Mr. Mortimer says, "You know I don't believe in all this Christmas fuss. It's crass commercial nonsense! It's...uh...it's, um..."
"Try 'humbug'", responds Durwood.
Later on in his sleep, Mr. Mortimer mumbles the word "humbug".
At the end of the episode, when Mr. Mortimer shows up at 1164 on Christmas morning, a surprised Darrin says, "I thought you and Hawkins [the butler] were going to stay home and celebrate 'Humbug'."

This word, humbug, was made popular in Charles Dickens' 1843 classic Christmas story, "A Christmas Carol," when uttered repeatedly by the miser Ebenezer Scrooge, who believes that Christmas is a sham. The origin of the word is unknown, but it is believed to have arisen in the mid-Eighteenth century as slang for "jest" or "hoax".

For another "humbug" reference - CLICK HERE

For another "A Christmas Carol" reference - CLICK HERE

In # 125, "Once in a Vial," Rollo, trying unsuccessfully to romance Samantha, says to her, "Do you know the more I see you, the more I want you." Samantha replies in an exasperated manner, "Yes, but I can't sing it now."

The pop standard "The More I See You" was sung by Dick Haymes in the 1945 movie Diamond Horseshoe. It was made popular again by Chris Montez in 1966 with the opening line "The more I see you, the more I want you." It was written by Mack Gordon and Harry Warren.

In # 128, "Hippie, Hippie, Hooray," when Samantha zaps Serena to her location, Serena asks, "Was this trip necessary?", a reference to a famous World War II slogan.

In another reference, Samantha tells Serena that she will let her get back to her "Freak-out in SoHo." SoHo, an acronym for SOuth of HOuston Street, is an eclectic New York City neighborhood in lower Manhattan which became an artistic haven in the late 50's and 60's.

Multiple references can be found in # 129, "A Prince of a Guy":

We see the Prince and Princess characters from Disney's, Sleeping Beauty.
(Another Sleeping Beauty reference
- CLICK HERE)

Helen thinks Charlie is like David Niven.

In the opening scene, Sam says, "Mother, I'd rather do it myself." This line originates from a 1960s TV commercial for Anacin pain reliever, in which an irritable woman snaps at her mother (who is only trying to be helpful), "Mother, please! I'd rather do it myself!" This line can also be heard in # 141, "Samantha’s Wedding Present."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 129, "A Prince of a Guy," Endora jokes that Samantha is lucky that her little witch was not zapping characters from out of the Babar books.

Babar the Elephant is a popular French children's fictional character who first appeared in L'Histoire du Babar by Jean de Brunhoff in 1931, and enjoyed immediate success with English language versions following in Britain and the USA in 1933. It tells of a young elephant called Babar who leaves the jungle and brings the benefits of civilization to his fellow elephants.

In # 131, "How Green Was My Grass," when Sam answers the phone and says, "Boy, have you got a wrong number!", she's referring to the 1966 Bob Hope movie, Boy, Did I Get a Wrong Number.

In # 132, "To Twitch or Not to Twitch," Samantha and Darrin are having one of their better fights. Darrin makes a crack about Samantha knowing what happened several hundred years ago, then:
Samantha: "Are you making illusions to my age?"
Darrin: "If the illusion fits, wear it!"
Samantha: "You are about one step from making Custer's Last Stand look like a love-in."

"Custer's Last Stand" refers to the fierce battle at the Little Bighorn River in Montana Territory, U.S., between federal troops led by Lieutenant Colonel George A. Custer and a band of Northern Plains Indians; Custer and all his men were slain.

Love-Ins, popularized in the 1960s, are a gathering of people for the express purpose of sharing their mutual love.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Another for # 132, "To Twitch or Not to Twitch" - After Samantha recites her 'To Twitch or Not to Twitch' speech (which is a variation on the famous speech from Shakespeare's Hamlet), Darrin says, "That's right! Borrow from Shakespeare. You probably knew him personally."
Samantha, furious at Darrin's remark about her age, responds, "There you go again. Hinting about my age. Well, it just so happens I did know Shakespeare, who was more of a gentleman than you've been tonight. For that matter so was Bluebeard."
Darrin: "And just how well did you know Bluebeard?"
Samantha: "NOT as well as I knew Henry the Eighth!!!"

Bluebeard is a folktale that was penned by Charles Perrault about a man who took delight in murdering his wives and keeping their bodies in a locked room. He warns his wives not to look in this room, but curiosity wins them over, and they look to find the horror beyond.

Henry VIII was the King of England from 1509 - 1547. Much like Bluebeard, he beheaded his wives.

For another Henry VIII reference - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In yet another for # 132, "To Twitch or Not to Twitch," after Samantha recites all the things that she had to do in order to get ready for a party, Darrin responds by saying: "At least you didn't have to tote that barge or lift that bale."

This is a reference to the classic American song "Ol' Man River", music by Jerome Kern, lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II, from the 1927 Broadway musical "Showboat" (later made into two movies released in 1936 and 1951). The song was immortalized by the multi-talented Paul Robeson in the 1936 movie, and a section of the lyrics contains the reference from Bewitched:

You an' me, we sweat an' strain,
Body all achin' and racked with pain.
"Tote dat barge! Lift dat bale!"
Git a little drunk,
An' you lands in jail!

In # 133, "Playmates," Mrs. Stephens asks: "Samantha, what happened to the dog?" Samantha replies: "I think he finally heard his master's voice." The phrase "His Master's Voice", accompanied by a graphic of a dog named "Nipper" sitting next to a gramophone, has been used by RCA as their official slogan since 1908.

In # 134, "Tabitha's Cranky Spell," when Endora asks what the crystal ball on Samantha's coffee table is, Samantha jokes: "It's a cufflink for the Jolly Green Giant!" The Jolly Green Giant has been the advertising icon/character used by the Green Giant frozen food company since 1928.

Sam mentions Don Drysdale and Sandy Koufax in # 135, "I Confess," when Darrin says that his prospective employers wanted to make a "package deal."

Don Drysdale teamed with Sandy Koufax during the 1960s to form one of the most dominating pitching duos in history.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 135, "I Confess," shortly after everyone has learned that Samantha is a witch, the phone rings. Samantha answers, saying, "Hello...speaking...Mickey Mantle! The Mickey Mantle? [listening] Mr. Mantle, I'm surprised at you. That wouldn't be fair. If I worked it out so you could hit .600, I'd have to let all the other players hit .600. And besides, I'm a Met's fan. You're welcome, anyhow. [hangs up]

In # 137, "Samantha’s Secret Saucer," one of the dog-like aliens said, "Pancakes without syrup is ridiculous." Aunt Jemima's Pancakes and Syrup were manufactured by the Bewitched sponsor, Quaker Oats. One of the lines in their commercial was, "Pancakes without syrup is ridiculous!"

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 137, "Samantha’s Secret Saucer," Darrin is worried about neighbors finding out about the UFO in the backyard. When a knock comes on the door, Darrin freaks out and Samantha says, "Relax, Darrin! We're not Bonnie and Clyde!"

Bonnie and Clyde were an infamous couple who robbed banks and killed people. They were quite good at evading capture until May 23, 1934 when they were gunned down by authorities.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 137, "Samantha’s Secret Saucer," after Tabitha makes the toy saucer fly outside, Aunt Clara mixes up the two "Spocks" when she tells Tabitha, "Excellent, Tabitha, excellent! You're a better space man than Dr. Spock!" In another scene at the breakfast table, after the spacemen came out of the saucer, Aunt Clara says to them, "Floppy ears - my, my. I thought spacemen had pointed ears."

Tabitha becomes upset when she thinks that Sam and Darrin prefer boys to girls. They try to allay her fears but that doesn't work and she walks back inside. Darrin asks Samantha "What do you think?". To which Samantha replies "Dr. Spock, we're not".

Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Its revolutionary message to mothers was that "you know more than you think you do." - Wikipedia

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 137, "Samantha’s Secret Saucer” - CLICK HERE

In # 138, "The No-Harm Charm," Uncle Arthur goes upstairs to see Darrin.
Arthur: "Knock knock."
Darrin: "Who's there?"
Arthur: "Chester."
Darrin: "Chester who?"
Spoofing the Louis Prima song "Just a Gigolo", Arthur answers, "Chester gigolo, everywhere I go..."

In # 139, "Man of the Year," Endora comments that she is going to go to a costume party as Twiggy.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 139, "Man Of The Year," Sam tells Darrin that his getting picked as one of the advertising men of the year is like "getting invited to one of Truman Capote's parties." This refers to the writer's lavish parties in Manhattan, the most famous being his "Black & White Masquerade Ball" at the Plaza Hotel in 1966.

In # 140, "Splitsville," Samantha recalls that Mrs. Kravitz once thought that the butcher looked like Henry Fonda.

Many of Tabitha's toys and nursery decorations are easily identifiable as Hanna-Barbera and Disney. In this fifth season scene inside Tabitha's room, we see Disney's popular animated Bambi deer character on the wall.


Wicked Witch of the West

The 'Wicked Witch of the West', nemesis to the Wizard of Oz and Dorothy of Kansas, is an evil character from the Oz stories created by L. Frank Baum.

- # 141, "Samantha’s Wedding Present"- When Samantha says that Endora "Makes the Wicked Witch of the West look like Shirley Temple."
(Another reference for this episode below.)

- # 143, "Samantha on the Keyboard" - Endora feels insulted when she is compared to the Wicked Witch of the West. "That amateur!" she says, indignantly.

- # 165, "Samantha’s Power Failure" - Arthur refers to Endora as the Wicked Witch of the West.

Another for: # 141, "Samantha’s Wedding Present" - CLICK HERE

In # 142, "Samantha Goes South for a Spell," an angry Brunhilde sends Samantha back in time to Old New Orleans. Brunhilde is a character in Wagner's series of operas known collectively as "The Ring of the Nibelungen." We hear "The Ride of the Valkyries," the famous chorus from "Die Walküre," when she appears.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Using character names like Rance Butler (Rhett Butler), # 142's, "Samantha Goes South for a Spell," spoofs elements of the 1936 Margaret Mitchell novel and 1939 movie, Gone With The Wind.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

      More from # 142, "Samantha Goes South for a Spell":

Serena says that the spell that sent Samantha back in time is your average "Beauty and the Beast" curse.

Darrin tells Serena, "How could this happen? I go out to play golf, and when I come back my wife's in the Twilight Zone." Video - 20 sec. - 314 KB

In another from # 143, "Samantha on the Keyboard," Samantha's spell (below) refers to the 1960's "Fly Now, Pay Later" marketing campaign by Pan Am, which wooed the middle class.

"Youthful genius keep on playing,
  I'm flying now and later paying!"

This campaign is referenced again in # 216, "The Good Fairy Strikes Again, part 2," when Sam comes up with the weight loss product slogan, "Fly Now, Reduce-a-lator."

Another for: # 143, "Samantha on the Keyboard" - CLICK HERE

In # 144, "Darrin, Gone and Forgotten," Endora mentions being on a coral reef with Jacques Cousteau (1910-1997), famous underwater explorer. He made full-length films, film shorts, and numerous television films. Cousteau wrote many books, including a series entitled Undersea Discoveries of Jacques-Yves Cousteau.

Another Jacques Cousteau reference can be heard in # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster." When Serena is talking about how great it will be to be the Mermaid of Loch Ness, she mentions that "Jacques Cousteau could drop in any time." A possible reference to how Cousteau specials that would often preempt Bewitched airings. The preempting was the cause of the confusion between episodes three and four.

For more ref's from # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for # 144 below.)

In another from # 144, "Darrin Gone and Forgotten," Carlotta says, "When the planet Icarus passes between Pluto and Jupiter, I collect!"
Icarus, in the Greek myth, disobeyed his father, Daedalus, and flew too close to the sun, thereby melting the wax that held his "wings" together when trying to escape. He plunged to his death into the Aegean sea.

Planet Icarus is also mentioned in Samantha's Summons to Salem, in # 201, "To Go or Not To Go, That is the Question, part 1."

Yet another mention happens in # 222, "Darrin Goes Ape." When Sam questions why Serena has given a peace offering to someone she describes as "Tall, Dark and DULL" (meaning Darrin), Serena says, "When the Planet Icarus passes between Venus and Jupiter, it stills the wind of adversity and I become a veritable Sea of Tranquility... [pause] I decided to bury the hatchet."

"Sea of Tranquility" refers to the spot where Apollo 11 landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.

The term "bury the hatchet" comes from an Iroquois ceremony in which war axes or other weapons were literally buried in the ground as a symbol of newly made peace.

(Another reference for # 144 below.)

# 144, "Darrin Gone and Forgotten" - While Samantha ponders on finding witch Carlotta's one weakness, Endora jokes that the powerful Carlotta has the REAL Achilles heel bronzed and as a trophy.

Achilles was the son of Thetis and Peleus, the bravest hero in the Trojan war, according to Greek mythology. Achilles was killed after an injury to his one vulnerable/mortal area: his heel. This weakness was due to the fact that his Mother held him from his heel when dipping baby Achilles in the magic waters of the river Styx. His heel remained dry, and to this day, any weak point is called an “Achilles’ heel”.

In # 147, "Samantha’s French Pastry," Samantha jokes that an old Chinese proverb she knows comes from "Charlie Chan". This refers to the fictional Chinese-American detective created by Earl Derr Biggers who was featured in novels, radio programs and a series of popular films of the 1930s and 1940s.

# 148, "Is it Magic or Imagination?" - Clarissa the nanny sheepdog was actually inspired by Nana the nurse dog who clothed and bathed the Darling children in J.M. Barrie's Peter Pan. Although Clarissa was a Old English Sheepdog and the original Nana was a New Foundland (later a St. Bernard in the Disney adaptation), the frill-trimmed hat indicates what inspired the Stephens' magical dog nanny.

In # 154, "Samantha’s Supermaid," a very harsh nanny-candidate was named Mrs. Luftwaffe, after one of the deadliest branches of Adolf Hitler's armed forces.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 154, "Samantha’s Supermaid," after popping in from Persia, Endora tells of her amorous liason with "The Shah of Xanadu."

This refers to the pleasure-domed summer capital Xanadu (modern spelling, Shang-tu) of Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis). Based on Marco Polo's 13th century lofty accounts of exotic eastern kingdoms, Samuel Taylor Coleridge's opium-induced poem "Kubla Khan" (1816) begins: "In Xanadu did Kubla Khan / A stately pleasure-dome decree..."

In # 155, "Serena Strikes Again, Part 1," Samantha and Darrin are circling the dining room table, making sure everything was just right in anticipation of the arrival of the client, Clio Vanita. Serena has also threatened to come. Darrin, hoping she's forgotten all about it, says that so far things are good, as there's no sign of her. Sam doubtfully relies, "And maybe Macy's will tell Gimbels."

Macy's and Gimbels have long been competing department stores in New York City. The expression "Does Macy's tell Gimbels?" was often used to assert that competitors don't reveal what they're up to to one another — an assertion which was questioned by Santa Claus in the movie Miracle on 34th Street.

For another Gimbel reference - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

A motorcycle enters the Stephens' living room in, # 155, "Serena Strikes Again, Pt. 1." A rudely awakened Darrin and Samantha rush down the stairs to see what all the noise is about. Darrin exclaims, "Serena!" To which she replies, "Who were you expecting, Steve McQueen?"

Another McQueen reference: # 168, "Samantha's Good News" - CLICK HERE

In # 156, "Serena Strikes Again, Pt. 2," Serena reads to Tabitha out of Mother Goose Nursery Rhymes ("They really flip the kid"). The first one she reads goes: "Higglety Pigglety, my red hen. She lays eggs for gentlemen." This is a variation on Mother Goose's The Black Hen.

Hickety, pickety, my black hen,
She lays eggs for gentlemen;
Gentlemen come every day
To see what my black hen doth lay.

Serena also reads Tabitha Jack Be Nimble, as she zaps up Jack jumping over his candlestick.

Jack be nimble, Jack be quick!
Jack jump over the candlestick!

In # 157, "One Touch of Midas," Darrin gives Samantha a gift of a musical jewelry box which plays "Come Back to Sorrento". The 1904 Italian love song ("Torna a Sorrento") with words and music by Ernesto de Curtis and Claude Aveling, was a popular tune recorded by singers Mario Lanza and Dean Martin.

Also in this episode, Darrin's private-secretary fields calls from Mr. Merrick (about backing a Broadway show), Mr. Craft (about a yacht sale), Mr. Palmer (about golf club personal measurements) and Mr. Gimbel (about the east coast franchise). These are subtle references to: David Merrick, Broadway producer of such smash hits as Gypsy, Oliver! and Hello Dolly!; a representative from "Chris-Craft Industries", who sold high end pleasure boats to famous customers such as Katherine Hepburn, Frank Sinatra, and Elvis Presley in the 1950s and 60s; Golf champion Arnold Palmer, winner of several major golf championships in the 1960s; and Mr. Gimbel, one of the heirs to the nationwide Gimbel's Department Stores.

Darrin also inquires if the "Onassis Island" is for sale. This refers to "Skorpios" - the private Greek island purchased in the 1960s by shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis, who also married Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy in 1968.

Darrin also thanks his personal barber "Cosmo" - played by actor Cosmo Sardo, who had a long career in Hollywood films and television usually playing barbers, waiters or maitre d' roles. Cosmo appeared in "My Sister Eileen" (1955) featuring Dick York, and played a barber in "Johnny Cool" (1963) featuring Elizabeth Montgomery and directed by William Asher.

For another Gimbel reference - CLICK HERE

In # 159, "Samantha the Sculptress," Darrin mentions that if Ed Sullivan ever knew about Tabitha's powers, he'd book her for a month.

In # 160, "Mrs. Stephens, Where Are you?," Cousin Serena informs Samantha that Endora is off playing duets on the sitar with "Ravi". This refers to sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar who influenced The Beatles in 1968 when they incorporated sitar into their psychedelic tunes and traveled to India to study meditation with Shankar's guru: Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.

In # 161, "Marriage Witch's Style," Serena is told by her date that she's "flapping her arms like a demented windmill." She then replies by calling him a "road company Cary Grant."

Another for: # 161, "Marriage, Witches’ Style" - CLICK HERE

Shakespeare reference for: # 161, "Marriage, Witches’ Style" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another reference for # 161, "Marriage Witch's Style," Serena tells Samantha that "I'm off to Balmoral with Elizabeth and Philip..."

She is referring to the palace summer home called Balmoral of Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.

In # 162, "Going Ape," Samantha is heard to say, "Imagine the poor guy who invented 6-up!"

In # 163, "Tabitha's Weekend," Endora asks Phyllis if her cookies are an Alice B. Toklas recipe. When Phyllis said that they were not, Endora declined. Toklas was (in)famous for her cannabis concoctions!

In # 164, "The Battle of Burning Oak," a snobby country club member asks Sam who her couturier is. She replies by saying, "Oh, I don't have just one man. I have two. They call themselves Sears and Roebuck."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 164, "The Battle of Burning Oak," Endora pops in to the country club, and says, "I was picketing a new movie about witches. They show us as quite evil..." Samantha replies, "Well, if the shoe fits..." This is an insider reference plugging Maurice Evans' (Maurice/Daddy) recent movie, Rosemary's Baby.

In # 169, "Samantha’s Shopping Spree," Cousin Henry tells Samantha that Uncle Arthur is at the Cannes Films Festival, picketing Rosemary's Baby.

Rosemary's Baby is a 1968 occult thriller in which a trusting young woman discovers that her elderly neighbors are members of a witches' coven, and her husband has made a pact with the Devil to further his career.

In # 165, "Samantha’s Power Failure," after Uncle Arthur changes himself into a dancing skeleton, he begins singing "Dry Bones," an African-American Spiritual derived from Ezekiel's vision of a 'valley full of bones' in the Old Testament.

Another from # 165, "Samantha’s Power Failure" - CLICK HERE

Another from # 165, "Samantha’s Power Failure" - CLICK HERE

Another from # 165, "Samantha’s Power Failure" - CLICK HERE

# 167, “Daddy Does His Thing” - CLICK HERE

In # 168, "Samantha's Good News," when Maurice and his arch-rival were trying to out-do each other with dramatic readings, Sam says, "It's Noel Coward time." Then calls for an end to it by saying, "Noel Coward time is over!" Noel Coward was a famous British playwright, specializing in witty barbs, musicals, popular farce and poignant dramas.

Shakespeare reference for: # 168, "Samantha's Good News" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another McQueen reference (CLICK HERE for the other), from # 168, "Samantha's Good News," Sam and Endora are on the bed, hatching a plot to make Maurice jealous by finding a date for Endora.
Endora: "What about Dr. Bombay's nephew? That good looking warlock that looks like Steve McQueen."
Sam: "Mother, he is Steve McQueen!"

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In a reference to Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In TV show, in which they often used the phrase, "Sock-it-to-me!", # 168, "Samantha's Good News," has Samantha saying, "It's getting close to sock-it-to-you time!"

In # 169, "Samantha’s Shopping Spree," LA Rams football player Jack Snow appears as himself.

Adding to the reference, Snow's first line is: "Gabe, you really uncorked one this time." The "Gabe" is Roman Gabriel, the LA Rams quarterback at the time who was known for his strong arm and ability to throw the long pass. Gabriel was frequently greeted by fans with the chant, "Throw, Gabriel, Throw," a take-off on the religious song, "Blow, Gabriel, Blow."

Another reference for: # 169, "Samantha’s Shopping Spree" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 169, "Samantha’s Shopping Spree," Cousin Henry makes a knock-knock joke referencing the song "I'll be seeing you," written by Irving Kahal & Sammy Fain, and recorded by Bing Crosby, who made the song into a chart hit for 24 weeks in 1944.

In # 170, "Samantha and Darrin in Mexico City," when Endora arrives late to babysit wearing beach-garb and carrying a surfboard, an anxious Darrin suggests they hurrily depart for their Mexico City trip and say goodbye to "the old lady of the sea".

In Greek mythology, the Old Man of the Sea was a primordial figure who could be identified by several names, Proteus or Nereus or Pontus. This tale may have helped inspire the title of Ernest Hemingway's Pulitzer Prize winning novella The Old Man and the Sea, about an old, experienced fisherman and a giant marlin said to be the largest catch of his life.

In # 171, "Samantha and the Beanstalk," during the meeting between the Giant and Tabitha, the Giant starts "Fe-Fi-Fo-Fumming" to which Tabitha responds, "I know a poem too. 'Mary had a little lamb...'" This is a popular children's poem found in the Mother Goose collection.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Also in # 171, "Samantha and the Beanstalk," the Giant's wife mentions to Samantha that Chopin (played on the magical harp) soothes the Giant. This is in reference to the work of composer Fryderyk Chopin. Tabitha has, however, made the harp sound like the Rolling Stones, which is a popular British rock band.

Shakespeare reference for: # 171, "Samantha and the Beanstalk" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

More from # 171, "Samantha and the Beanstalk":

Endora jokes to Darrin that she has conjured up "a rerun of Jack and the Beanstalk, in living color". This refers to NBC-TV's voiceover that announced: "The following program is brought to you in Living Color on NBC" - first heard preceding the 1953/54 colorcasts of "The Colgate Comedy Hour" and "Robert Montgomery Presents".

Samantha fibs to Phyllis Stephens that Jack's odd storybook dress is actually "junior mod". This refers to the youth-driven, bold colorful fashions of the mid-60's which emerged in the swinging Carnaby Street and Kings Road boutiques of London, and from the Madison Avenue NYC store 'Paraphernalia' which opened in 1965.

Referencing Peter, Paul, and Mary's 1963 hit folk tune "Puff, the Magic Dragon," in # 172, "Samantha’s Yoo-Hoo Maid," Tabitha says, "Puff the Magic Pony."

Puff, the magic dragon lived by the sea
And frolicked in the autumn mist in a land called Honah Lee.
A dragon lives forever but not so little boys
Painted wings and giant rings make way for other toys.
One grey night it happened, Jackie Paper came no more
And Puff that mighty dragon, he ceased his fearless roar

This episode mentions another sad magical creature tale when Samantha tells Tabitha that there are no longer any unicorns because "the unicorns missed the boat!" Shel Silverstein's poem "The Unicorn" (Put to music by the Irish Rovers) chronicles the Noah's Ark myth, and how the unicorns didn't make it to the boat in time.

You'll see green alligators and long-necked geese
Some humpty backed camels and some chimpanzees
Some cats and rats and elephants, but sure as you're born
You're never gonna see no unicorns

Another reference for: # 172, "Samantha’s Yoo-Hoo Maid" - CLICK HERE

In # 173, "Samantha’s Caesar Salad," Samantha comes up with the slogan "Put a tiger in your toga!"

First spotted in Norway in the early 1900s, the tiger has been used as an advertising symbol since ExxonMobile's earliest incarnations. But it wasn't until 1959 that the famous slogan "Put a Tiger in Your Tank" was created by an advertising copywriter in Chicago, IL.

A comical reference to the birth control pill can be heard in # 174, "Samantha's Curious Cravings," when a pregnant Sam asks Dr. Anton for a refill of her pills. Dr. Anton replies, "A little late for that, aren't we?" Sam: "Iron pills."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

While craving a hot dog in # 174, "Samantha's Curious Cravings," she goes to Shea Stadium.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

While at Shea Stadium in # 174, "Samantha's Curious Cravings," Samantha tells Darrin that "Willie Davis just hit a grand slam home run!" Willie Davis was a popular outfielder in the 1960s. He played for the L.A. Dodgers.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

When Darrin is giving Samantha a list of people to call in # 174, "Samantha's Curious Cravings," Samantha says, "Darrin, you have enough names on that list to fill Madison Square Garden." Madison Square Garden is located in New York City. This is a large venue used for sports and entertainment events.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another from # 174, "Samantha's Curious Cravings," Darrin asks Samantha, "How will we explain it when food starts popping in and out of nowhere?" Samantha replies, "Chicken Delight?" With a slogan that sounds straight from McMann & Tate, "Don't cook tonight -- Call Chicken Delight!" Chicken Delight creator Al Tunick opened his first Illinois restaurant in 1952.

While it's not a strict Reverse Reference, it's interesting to note that in the Script Comparison for # 175, "And Something Makes Four," the client's name was changed from "Busby" to "Berkeley." Busby Berkeley was a famous and very innovative movie choreographer and director in the 1930s and 40s. Whenever you see 150-or-so dancers filmed from directly overhead, revealing kaleidoscope-like patterns, that's his genius and his hallmark. He also brought us close-ups of chorus line faces, and never used more than one camera.

# 176, “Naming Samantha’s New Baby” - CLICK HERE

In # 177, "To Trick or Treat or Not to Trick or Treat," a police officer tells Darrin, "I am not going to ask you for a chorus of Tiptoe Through the Tulips." At the time, Endora had made Darrin into an old hag that resembled Tiny Tim. Tiptoe Through the Tulips, a 1929 ditty by Al Dubin and Joe Burke, was redone by singer Tiny Tim in 1968.

For another from # 177, "To Trick or Treat or Not to Trick or Treat" - CLICK HERE

For another from # 177, "To Trick or Treat or Not to Trick or Treat" - CLICK HERE

In # 178, "A Bunny For Tabitha," Uncle Arthur's incantation to materialize a rabbit for Tabitha goes awry when a full-sized woman appears instead.
Arthur: "I said a cotton tail bunny, not a cocktail bunny!"
Samantha: "Don't just stand there. Send her back to the nearest Playboy Club!"
Arthur: "She's not a Playboy Bunny. She's Tabitha's rabbit!"

# 181, "Darrin, the Warlock" - With the aid of the magic watch Maurice had gifted him with, Darrin conjures up breakfast from a French restaurant, complete with waitresses in cocktail outfits that looked like they came from the Playboy Club. When Samantha thinks breakfast is over, she asks, "Are the bunnies gone?"

Playboy Bunnies were cocktail waitresses dressed as bunnies at the Playboy Clubs owned by Hugh Heffner, creator of the men's entertainment magazine, Playboy. The last Playboy Club, located in Manila, closed in 1991.

In # 180, "Daddy Comes for a Visit," Samantha tells her father, Maurice, that Darrin is an excellent judge of character. Upon hearing Darrin enter the room, Maurice mutters, "Here comes the judge."

"Here comes the judge" (or "Here comes da judge") was a catch phrase made popular by Flip Wilson in comedy routines performed with Sammy Davis Jr. on Rowan and Martin's Laugh-In, then later on The Flip Wilson Show, but it was comedian Pigmeat Markham who really coined the phrase years earlier.

Another reference for: # 180, "Daddy Comes for a Visit" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 180, "Daddy Comes for a Visit," when Darrin refuses his gift, Maurice turns him into a dog for being "such a dog in the manger."

In the Aesop fable A Dog in the Manger, a dog comes into a stable and rests on the hay in a manger for a good nap. When the cows come in to eat the hay, he barks them away. He can't eat the hay, but he won't let any other animal eat it either. The moral, according to Wikipedia, is "People often begrudge others what they cannot enjoy themselves."

In # 181, "Darrin, the Warlock," issues of Time magazine appear on the bookshelf in Darrin's office.

Shakespeare reference for: # 181, "Darrin, the Warlock" - CLICK HERE

Playboy Bunny reference for: # 181, "Darrin, the Warlock" - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 181, "Darrin, the Warlock," Darrin, tiring of the one-sided battle against witchcraft, says, "It's like trying to put out the Chicago fire with a bottle of pop." In 1871, Chicago, a city built of wood, was almost entirely destroyed by fire, which, according to legend, started when Mrs. O'Leary's cow kicked over a lantern. Several hundred people were killed, 90,000 rendered homeless, and some $200 million worth of property were destroyed.

In # 184, "Santa Comes to Visit and Stays and Stays," Esmeralda sneezes up a pair of seals, and Samantha remarks to a disenchanted Darrin, "Isn't that cute? Christmas seals!" Christmas seals are adhesive labels that look like stamps purchased and placed on envelopes during the Christmas season. The money from their purchase goes towards programs for raising awareness and finding cures for lung diseases, specifically tuberculosis. In 1969 the organization in charge of this program was known as the National Tuberculosis Association (NTA). NTA became the American Lung Association in 1973 and they still continue this program which began in the U.S. in 1907.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 184, "Santa Comes to Visit and Stays and Stays" - Darrin is about to raise havoc with Esmeralda for an earth shaking sneeze, when Samantha reminds him, "Remember, 'peace on earth, good will toward men' includes witches."

This refers to the passage in the Second Chapter of Luke (New Testament, Holy Bible) when the multitude of angels appeared to the shepherds in the fields at the time of Jesus Christ's birth. The angels proclaim His Birth and the attending joy, and finish by saying, "Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, good will toward men."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 184, "Santa Comes to Visit and Stays and Stays"

- Samantha conjures up Santa's reindeer and sleigh by incanting:

"Come Dasher! Come Dancer! Come Prancer and Vixen!
Come Comet! Come Cupid! Come Donner and Blitzen!
To the lawn of the house where Santa is stuck,
be sure if you fly the antennas you duck!"

This spell is a variation on the call Santa gives his reindeer in the classic poem "A Visit from St. Nicholas," more commonly known as "Twas the Night Before Christmas," by Clement Moore.

"Now, Dasher! now, Dancer! now, Prancer and Vixen!
On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donder and Blitzen!
To the top of the porch, to the top of the wall!
Now, dash away, dash away, dash away all!"

 

- In another reference to the Clement Moore poem, Larry is leaving the Stephens' after having a change of heart about Christmas, when he remarks, "A merry Christmas to all, and to all a good night! Gee...that does sound better than 'humbug'."
The first part of his farewell comes from the last lines of the poem:

He sprang to his sleigh, to his team gave a whistle,
And away they all flew like the down of a thistle;
But I heard him exclaim, ere he drove out of sight:
"Merry Christmas to all, and to all a good night!"

The last part of Larry's farewell refers to the word "humbug", made popular in "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens (CLICK HERE).

For another reference to the poem - CLICK HERE

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 184, "Santa Comes to Visit and Stays and Stays" - After having just seen Santa and his reindeer fly off from his front lawn, and seeing Larry on his way, a flustered Darrin says, "Well, Christmas comes but once a year."

He is quoting a popular saying attributed to 'The Farmer’s Daily Diet' by Thomas Tusser which says, "At Christmas play and make good cheer, For Christmas comes but once a year." Thomas Tusser (1524–1580) was an English poet and farmer, best known for his instructional poem 'A Hundreth Good Pointes of Husbandrie' published in 1557.

In # 186, "Samantha’s Lost Weekend," Dr. Bombay makes reference to "Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah," the song from the 1946 Disney musical, Song of the South, based on the 1880 book, "Uncle Remus, His Songs and Sayings," by Joel Chandler Harris. Set in the aftermath of the War Between the States, this Brer Rabbit tale is told by a kindly old slave named Remus. This movie is considered politically incorrect by some, and is currently unavailable on video in the USA.

In # 187, "The Phrase is Familiar," Mr. Phipps, Tabitha's witch tutor, zaps the Artful Dodger out of the novel "Oliver Twist." Published in monthly installments between February 1837 and April 1839 in "Bentley's Miscellany," where he served as editor, Charles Dickens' second novel is set in London's criminal underworld. Tired and hungry, Oliver meets Jack Dawkins (known as the Artful Dodger in recognition of his ability to escape would-be captors), who offers him a place to stay in London.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another reference for # 187, "The Phrase is Familiar," when Larry tries to tell Darrin that he and client H. B. Summers got into the Stephens' house through the front window, Darrin denies it (although it is true) and says, "What are you trying to do, Larry, gaslight me?"

This is a reference to Patrick Hamilton's play "Gas Light" (1938), which was filmed several times (the most notable was the 1944 release "Gaslight", and it is most probable that Darrin had this version in mind). In the play/movie Gregory Anton tries to convince his wife Paula that she is going insane and is imagining all sorts of things, in particular the dimming of the house gaslights at night. The term 'gaslighting' (based on this story) refers to manipulating another's perceptions of reality for one's own gain.

In # 188, "Samantha's Secret is Discovered," Endora and Sam are arguing about Sam's living room furniture. Endora thinks the furniture is shabby, and says, "The Salvation Army wouldn't even send a truck to pick it up!" The Salvation Army thrift stores still send out trucks today, with proceeds from donations going to their Adult Rehabilitation Centers.

In another reference, after Samantha explained to Darrin that his mother observed her and Endora magically changing the furniture, Darrin said, "My mother walked in and saw the Bobbsey Twins in action." The Bobbsey Twins were created in 1904 by Edward Stratemeyer. One of dozens of juvenile series that Stratemeyer created and managed, the Bobbseys, along with Nancy Drew, The Hardy Boys, and Tom Swift are among the best known of childrens' book characters. The Bobbsey Twins series extended to 72 volumes, written between 1904 and 1979.

In # 189, "Tabitha’s Very Own Samantha," Tabitha, when getting ready to zonk over to the amusement park with her substitute mommy, says that she wants a Chocolate Drumstick. The first instance we could find of the ice cream drumstick appears in this ad by the Klamath Falls Creamery in Oregon. The next time we see it, in 1928, it is being manufactured by the Drumstick Company. In 1991, Drumstick Company joined with Nestle Ice Cream to produce and market the ice cream novelty brand.

Uncle Arthur channels the "Man of Steel" when he dons the cape and tights of Superman in # 190, "Super Arthur."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Another reference from # 190, "Super Arthur" occurs while Sam is trying to get Arthur to come back down to earth. She says, "The FAA isn't gonna like this....the Flying Nun isn't going to be too crazy about this, either!" A clever way of getting in a plug for another Screen Gems show!

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another reference from # 190, "Super Arthur," after Arthur's allergy magic disrupts the Stephens' home, Darrin angrily walks out and threatens to stay at a hotel.
Samantha reponds to her husband's foul mood with "Boy! Has he got the blue meanies!"
This is a reference to the "Blue Meanies", the fictional villians from The Beatles' animated 1968 film Yellow Submarine.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another reference from # 190, "Super Arthur," Arthur tells Samantha that the last car he drove was a "Stutz Bearcat". The original Bearcat luxury sportscar was produced by the Stutz Motor Company from 1914 through 1917, and was based on the company’s 1911 Indy race car. The Bearcat made a comeback in the late 1960's as a reproduction model for classic car races

When Serena pops into the Stephens' TV and gives her "Sigalert" in # 192, "Serena Stops the Show," she's spoofing the LAPD traffic bulletins created by Loyd C. Sigmon in 1955.

In # 195, "Okay, Who’s the Wise Witch?", Endora, while trying to escape the vapor-locked Stephens' house, uses the incantation: "Up, up and away, in my beautiful balloon." This is a reference to the lyrics of The 5th Dimension's 1967 hit, "Up, Up And Away."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another from # 195, "Okay, Who’s the Wise Witch?", Darrin references the classic children's song, "Old MacDonald Had A Farm," when he says, "It's been like Old MacDonald's Farm around here with 'Here a spell, there a spell, everywhere a spell, spell.' What do you have to say to that?"
To which Samantha replies, "E-I-E-I-O?"

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In yet another from # 195, "Okay, Who’s the Wise Witch?", while trapped inside by a vapor lock, Samantha has no time for poetry when she incants: "Wooden door, don't get the best of me, at my command, Open, Sesame!"

"Open, Sesame" refers to the magic words used by Ali Baba to enter the treasure cave in "1001 Arabian Nights," a collection of stories of uncertain date and authorship whose tales include Aladdin, Ali Baba, and Sinbad the Sailor.

In # 196, “A Chance on Love” and # 245, “Serena’s Richcraft,” we have a client relate how he was singing “Fly Me to the Moon” to Serena and her actually taking him there. "Fly Me to the Moon" – also known as "In Other Words" –  was written by Bart Howard, and first gained fame in 1960, when Peggy Lee sang it on The Ed Sullivan Show.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 196, "A Chance on Love" - At the Tates' dinner party, George tells Sam to call him "007" when they meet for lunch the next day. (For another Bond reference - CLICK HERE)

Also in this episode, Sam tells George that "he made the trip to the moon a lot faster and cheaper than NASA." (For another NASA reference - CLICK HERE)

# 197, "If the Shoe Pinches" - Origin of the name of the leprechaun character, Tim O'Shanter:

"Tam o' Shanter" is the name of a well-known and greatly respected poem written in 1790 by Scottish poet and lyricist Robert Burns (who also wrote the traditional New Year's Eve song "Auld Lang Syne"). The poem features a character named Tam o' Shanter who lingers too long at the local pub and then sees disturbing visions, including witches and warlocks dancing, while on his journey home.

- A tam o'shanter is also a Scottish hat (or bonnet) worn by men in Scotland and Ireland during the 1800's. Essentially a wool knit cap with a pom-pom on top, it was named after the character featured in the Robert Burns poem. This style of cap has also been worn by many military regiments over the past two centuries, and is still associated with the Royal Regiment of Scotland and The Black Watch of Canada. Women have also worn variations of this hat style over the years, and Mary Tyler Moore famously tossed her tam o'shanter in the air during the well-known opening credits segment on "The Mary Tyler Moore Show".

- Many Scottish and Irish pubs and bars throughout the world are also named "Tam o' Shanter" based on the common stereotype of the Scotch and Irish having a fondness for liquor. There are also many golf courses throughout the world named Tam O' Shanter, in homage to the game of golf originating from Scotland.

In # 198, "Mona Sammy," Darrin says Endora "makes the Marquis de Sade look like Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm." Marquis de Sade (Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, 1740-1814) was a French nobleman whose perverse sexual preferences and erotic writings gave rise to the term "sadism". In contrast, the novel "Rebecca Of Sunnybrook Farm," by Kate Douglas Wiggin, is a wholesome story about a spirited girl's transition into a well-mannered young lady.

Another "Rebecca" reference occurs in # 172, "Samantha’s Yoo-Hoo Maid," when an invisible Endora catches a dropped catsup bottle. When Darrin asks, "Who did that?" Endora replies, "It wasn't Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm."

In # 199, "Turn on the Old Charm," Endora's spell contains the line, "You're not sick, you're just in love." This refers to the song, "You're Just In Love," from the Irving Berlin musical, Call Me Madam.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 199, "Turn on the Old Charm" - After Darrin asks an enchanted Endora to make him a sandwich:
SAMANTHA: If Mother ever finds out about that amulet, you’re going to learn that L’onfer n’a aucure furie comme une sorciere microbez.
DARRIN: Which means?
SAMANTHA: Hell hath no fury like a bugged witch.

This refers to the proverb: "Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned." While many attribute the quote to William Shakespeare, it actually comes from a play called the "The Mourning Bride" (1697) by playwright William Congreve (1670-1729). The complete quote is "Heaven has no rage like love to hatred turned / Nor hell a fury like a woman scorned."

Another for: # 199, "Turn on the Old Charm" - CLICK HERE

In # 201, "To Go or Not To Go, That is the Question," Endora drives Darrin mad when he hears her shrilly singing "I'm Called Little Buttercup" to Tabitha. This song is from HMS Pinafore, a comic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta first performed in 1878 at the Opéra Comique, in London. Queen Victoria is said to have responded to the operetta's mockery of the "Queen's Navee" and the aristocracy in general, with her famous "We are not amused." A phrase echoed in this episode by High Priestess Hepzibah.

For I'm called Little Buttercup -- dear Little Buttercup,
Though I could never tell why,
But still I'm called Buttercup -- poor little Buttercup,
Sweet Little Buttercup I!

Another for: # 201, "To Go or Not To Go, That is the Question" - CLICK HERE

In # 203, "The Salem Saga," Darrin is seen reading The Wall Street Journal on the plane. Founded in 1889 by Charles H. Dow, founder of Dow Jones & Co., The Wall Street Journal is the most influential American business-oriented paper and one of the most respected dailies in the world.

# 204, "Samantha’s Hot Bed Warmer" - At the Witches Convention, Endora initially balks at adding Samantha's bed warmer spell search to the agenda. But, when Samantha threatens to inform Maurice about a long ago late-night supper shared by Endora and Sir Walter Raleigh, Endora complies.

Sir Walter Raleigh (1552 - 1618) was an adventurer, courtier to Elizabeth I, navigator, author and poet- and one of the most famous playboys of the Renaissance. He is legendary as the man who laid his cloak over a mud puddle for the Queen (as Endora claims he also did for her).

# 205, "Darrin on a Pedestal"

- Serena and Darrin visit the Fisherman's Memorial in Gloucester. Serena reads aloud the inscription on the base of the statue, which says, "They that go down to the sea in ships."
This comes from the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament, Psalm 107, Verse 23-30:

23 They that go down to the sea in ships, that do business in great waters;
24 These see the works of the LORD, and his wonders in the deep.
25 For he co
mmandeth, and raiseth the stormy wind, which lifteth up the waves thereof.
26 They mount up to the heaven, they go down again to the depths: their soul is melted because of trouble.
27 They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits’ end.
28 Then they cry unto the LORD in their trouble, and he bringeth them out of their distresses.
29 He maketh the storm a calm, so that the waves thereof are still.
30 Then are they glad because they be quiet; so he bringeth them unto their desired haven.

- Serena calls the fisherman (previously "The Man at the Wheel" statue, the Gloucester Fishermen's Memorial tribute to local fishermen who have died at sea) "Ye ancient mariner," referring to the 1796 poem, "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.

It is an ancient Mariner,
And he stoppeth one of three.
`By thy long grey beard and glittering eye,
Now wherefore stopp'st thou me?...

- Also in this episode, the fisherman sings, "Blow the Man Down," a sea shanty originating on Atlantic Ocean sailing ships. "Blow" refers to knocking a man down with your fist.

Come all ye young fellows that follow the sea,
to my way haye, blow the man down,
And pray pay attention and listen to me,
Give me some time to blow the man down...

- Mr. Barrows refers to the fisherman zapped off the pedestal as the "pirate of Penzance," referring to the Gilbert and Sullivan operetta of the same name, premiered in 1879.

- Serena calls the fisherman her little "Chicken of the Sea," which is a reference to a brand of canned tuna. The name was apparently a fisherman's name for albacore tuna, which was so white it reminded them of chicken. The canned product is famously represented by a blond mermaid with a scepter.
For another "Chicken of the Sea" reference - CLICK HERE

In # 206, "Paul Revere Rides Again," Paul is listening through the door in Sam and Darrin's hotel bedroom. He gets upset upon hearing the British client's name, Sir Lesley. Just then, Esmeralda accidentally sends Revere his horse. To cover with the client after he rides through the hotel room on the horse, Sam says that he was a member of that rock group Paul Revere and his Sons of Liberty, a name spoofing the real 1960s rock group Paul Revere and The Raiders.

In another reference, after Sam brings Paul Revere up on 200 years of history, describing jets, etc., he says, "Next thing you will tell me that we went to the moon." To which Sam replies, "Well, actually we did...". Just 15 months before this episode aired, July 20, 1969 saw Neil A. Armstrong as the first known mortal to set foot on the moon.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Another moon reference: # 91, "Sam in the Moon" - CLICK HERE

Another moon reference: # 196, “A Chance on Love” - CLICK HERE

Another moon reference: # 222, “Darrin Goes Ape” - CLICK HERE

In another for # 206, "Paul Revere Rides Again," a copy of "Town and Country" magazine is seen on the hotel room coffee table. "Town and Country" is a Hearst publication, originally published in 1846, which now is a staple of the upper crust of society.

In # 207, "Samantha’s Bad Day in Salem," after Larry is transformed back to human form from a silver topped Crow, Sam suggests that he may want to have a drink of "Old Crow". Old Crow is a Kentucky Straight Bourbon, dating back to 1835, and was the first major brand to offer an 86 proof bourbon to the public.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 207, "Samantha’s Bad Day in Salem" - Endora says, "It's just a little convention hi-jinks. We're no worse than the Shriners or the Elks."

Elks and Shriners share similar fraternal traditions, including archaic modes of dress and arcane rituals.
Elks: Founded in 1868, the 'Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks' follow the cardinal principles of Elkdom, "Charity, Justice, Brotherly Love and Fidelity." The elk was selected as the symbol of their order, because it "is a peaceful animal, but will rise in defense of its own in the face of a threat. The majestic creature is fleet of foot and keen of perception."
Shriners: Every Shriner is a Mason. Thirteen Masons organized the first Shrine temple in 1872. Members of the 'Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America' are members of the Masonic Order and adhere to the principles of Freemasonry - Brotherly Love, Relief, and Truth. Although their true origins are steeped in mystery and speculation, most historians concur that Freemasonry probably developed as an adjunct from medieval stonemasons. Stonemasons, the elite of the labor force, possessed skills that must have seemed almost magical to the illiterate masses.

In # 208, "Samantha’s Old Salem Trip," after flying (literally!) home from Salem, Samantha tells a disheveled and feather strewn Darrin, "When you said you wanted to go home right now, I believed you." To which Darrin replies, "I didn’t mean I wanted to fly the proud witch with the golden nose."

In 1968, Continental Airlines introduced its gold, red and orange jet contrail insignia and the advertising slogan "The Proud Bird With The Golden Tail."

From # 209, "Samantha's Pet Warlock." Endora: "You'll never guess who I ran into today?" Samantha: "The front four of the Kansas City Chiefs?" The "front four" refers to the Chiefs' defensive line, which in 1970 consisted of Buck Buchanan, Curley Culp, Aaron L. Brown and Jerry A. Mays.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 209, "Samantha's Pet Warlock," Ashley, Samantha's former beau, has found himself at the Kravitzes changing himself into various kinds of dogs. When he transforms into a beagle in front of Gladys, she tries to tell Abner and he replies, "Let me know when it becomes Rin Tin Tin. He's my favorite."

Rin Tin Tin was a favorite canine of many people who became familiar with the German Shepherd beginning in movies and eventually on the popular ABC-TV series "The Adventures of Rin Tin Tin" which ran from 1954 - 59.

In # 210, "Samantha's Old Man," Darrin says he doesn't want to be Rip Van Wrinkle anymore, alluding to the classic American story, "Rip Van Winkle," about a fellow who sleeps away 20 years of his life, and upon waking, finds himself gray and old.

In # 211, "The Corsican Cousins," Endora incants: "The Corsican Brothers were hexed by a spell, which will work on cousins just as well. From this point on without further ado...what Serena feels Samantha will too." "The Corsican Brothers" is an 1845 Alexandre Dumas book and 1941 movie starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr., about identical twin brothers who feel what the other experiences.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 211, "The Corsican Cousins" - Darrin, when referring to Endora, asks Samantha, "Is Ma Barker still here?"

Kate "Ma" Barker was notorious for being the leader of one of the biggest mobs in the 1930s, the Barker-Karpis mob. Though never proven guilty, Ma Barker was gunned down along with one of her sons by the FBI in Lake Weir, Florida on January 16, 1935.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 211, "The Corsican Cousins" - While at the store, Samantha tells Darrin that she needs to get some things "for the ladies of the Inquisition," referring to the client's wife and her associates who are coming to meet Samantha, to see how well she will fit into their country club.

The Inquisition was a major operation put in force by the Medieval Catholic Church to put an end to heresy, or those who were going against Church policy. Much like the witch trials of Salem, accused heretics were often tortured into confessing.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

# 211, "The Corsican Cousins" - When Endora is getting Serena plastered, Serena looks at her beverage, and exclaims, "Whoopee! [giggling] Oh my... the Kickapoo Joy Juice!"
Kickapoo Joy Juice refers to a powerful home-brewed liquor featured in Al Capp's comic strip "Li'l Abner," created in 1934.

In # 212, "Samantha's Magic Potion," Darrin calls Endora, "Typhoid Mary". Mary Mallon, who died in 1938, was a New York cook responsible in the early 1900s for the last major U.S. outbreak of potentially fatal Typhoid Fever. Mallon carried the typhoid bacteria, but she herself was immune to its effects. Health authorities directly traced three deaths and 51 typhoid illnesses to Typhoid Mary, though she most likely was responsible for thousands more.

In # 213, "Sisters at Heart," after the client, Mr. Brockway, has been made (by Samantha) to see everyone, including himself, with dark skin, he has a dazed look on his face and leaves the Stephens' Christmas party. When Larry asks, "What's wrong with him?" Samantha replies, "I'm not sure, but I think he's dreaming of a black Christmas."

This is a play on the lyrics "I'm dreaming of a white Christmas..." from the popular Bing Crosby song "White Christmas," which was originally released in 1941 and written by Irving Berlin for the movie "Holiday Inn". The song was so successful that it spawned a movie of the same name. It was the highest selling single in music history for over 50 years.

For another from # 213, "Sisters at Heart" - CLICK HERE

For another from # 213, "Sisters at Heart" - CLICK HERE

In # 214, "Mother-in-Law of the Year," Darrin asks Samantha, "What evil lurks in the mind of your mother?" This is a play on the lines, "Who knows what evil lurks in the hearts of men? The Shadow knows!" The Shadow (originally titled Detective Story), which debuted in 1930, was one of the most popular radio shows in history. Originally the narrator of the series of macabre tales, the eerie voice known as "The Shadow" became so popular to listeners that Detective Story was soon renamed The Shadow, and the narrator became the star of the radio series, which ran until 1954.

In what may be an inside joke, Darrin's reference may also allude to the fact that Agnes Moorehead co-starred with Orson Welles on the radio show.

Also, in a nod to their own production, ABC cameras can be seen in this episode. ABC cameras can also be seen in # 236, "TV or Not TV." - CLICK HERE

# 216, "The Good Fairy Strikes Again, part 2" - CLICK HERE

# 216, "The Good Fairy Strikes Again, part 2" - CLICK HERE

In # 217, "Return of Darrin, the Bold," Darrin asks Serena what she's doing at their house, and she replies, "Minding the store." Though a very old and generic phrase meaning "keeping an eye on things," this becomes a Reverse Reference when considering that the writers may have had Agnes Moorehead in mind when giving Serena that line, as she appears in the 1963 Jerry Lewis film, Who's Minding The Store?.

In # 218, "The House That Uncle Arthur Built," Uncle Arthur references the Kentucky Fried Chicken slogan when he says, "Finger lickin' good!"

In # 219, "Samantha and the Troll," Serena, in Samantha's absence, mentions that she will cook for Darrin and the clients that are coming over "the same feast I once cooked for Henry VIII."

In 229 & 230, "How Not to Lose Your Head to King Henry VIII, part 1&2," Samantha visits the court of Henry VIII.

In # 220, "This Little Piggie," Samantha says to an absent Endora, "I've had it with your interference. If the New York Jets had it they would probably win the Championship." Endora's reply on a piece of paper from a balloon is: "P.S. Notify the Jets that I won't be available until 5:00 this afternoon."

Founded in 1960 as The Titans of New York, the team was renamed the New York Jets in 1963. At the time of this 1971 episode, the Jets had won one World Championship in 1968, and no more to date.

In # 221, "Mixed Doubles," Samantha tells Dr. Bombay that she had a dream in which she was tossing and turning (...and tossing and turning), the wind was blowing, and she could hear "Louise! Louise!" When she asks what it means, he says, "Every little breeze seems to whisper Louise." This line comes from the song entitled "Louise" sung by Maurice Chevalier in the 1929 movie Innocents of Paris.

A second song reference for this episode comes in when Dr. Bombay tries to cure Samantha by giving her a psychedelic harmonica and telling her to play "Pop! Goes the Cosmos," which is the witch world's version of the mortal children's song, "Pop! Goes the Weasel."

Yet a third song reference from # 221, "Mixed Doubles," is when Sam is in Darrin's office, trying to prove to him that she is indeed Samantha, and not Louise. She twitches up bells and asks him if he wants them to play "Melancholy Baby." Written by George A. Norton and Ernie Burnett and popularized by Walter Van Brunt, the song was actually introduced under the title "Melancholy" around 1912. It has been associated with drunken crowds for a couple of reasons. First, an early cabaret performer by the name of Tommy Lyman performed it (typically very late in shows that didn't even begin until midnight) in the 1920s. More to the point, the infamous "Play Melancholy Baby!" line came from the 1954 film A Star Is Born, and seems to have been associated with the song ever since.


# 68, "A Bum Rap," has "Uncle Horace" singing "When You Were Sweet 16" to Tabitha. This song was written by James Thornton in 1898.

Uncle Arthur zaps Boris into requesting that Endora sing "Melancholy Baby" in # 81, "Twitch or Treat." Boris immediately apologizes to Endora, and she responds by saying, "No apologies needed from you, Boris." Then she glares at Arthur.

Sam mentions "Melancholy Baby" in # 113, "No Zip in My Zap," when she's trying to get the piano to play.

                 

In # 222, "Darrin Goes Ape," Serena sends Samantha a banner that reads: "ROYAL COUNCIL ADJOURNED UNTIL AFTER ROYAL HUNT OF THE GORILLA". This may be in reference to the then-popular 1964 Peter Shaffer stage play and 1969 movie adaptation of The Royal Hunt of the Sun, about the intense battle of wills between Inca leader Atahualpa and conquistador Francisco Pizarro (Darrin and Serena).

(Another reference for this episode below.)

3 more from # 222, "Darrin Goes Ape":

- Serena says, "Ask and you shall receive," which is a direct quote from Jesus' Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 7:1 or Luke 11:9--the full quote being, "Ask and you shall receive; seek, and you shall find; knock, and the door shall be opened unto you.").

- Samantha threatens to send Serena "up the River Styx without a paddle," referencing both the folksy description of extreme duress ("up the creek without a paddle") and the principal river of the underworld in Greek mythology.

- The Johnson Brothers from Johnson's Jungle Isle step into the old Winston cigarette shtick when they say: "Whaddya want--good grammar or a gorilla for Tillie?"
An uproar among grammarians in the 1950s erupted when Winston cigarettes came out with the grammatically incorrect slogan "Winston tastes good like a cigarette should." Enough noise was made that Winston addressed the issue in a follow-up campaign: "What do you want, good grammar or good taste?"

For another reference from this episode - CLICK HERE

In # 226, "Samantha’s Magic Mirror," Larry calls Louise "Miss AT&T." AT&T's roots stretch back to 1875, with founder Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another reference for # 226, "Samantha’s Magic Mirror," Darrin pays Esmeralda a compliment by likening her appearance to Elizabeth Taylor.

Receiving five Best Actresses nominations and two Academy Awards over the course of her controversial six-decade career, Elizabeth Taylor is one of Hollywood's most prolific actors.

# 229 & 230, "How Not to Lose Your Head to King Henry VIII, 1&2," - CLICK HERE

- In # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster," Samantha and Bruce are discussing his being merciful to Serena. After deducing that he will be merciful to her in 40 years, he tells Serena, "Happy swimming, Little Mermaid." 'The Little Mermaid' is one of Hans Christian Anderson's most famous fairy tales about a mermaid who longs to be human.

- In another, Serena asks Darrin, "What's the matter? Haven't you ever seen a mermaid before?", to which he replies, "Yes, but only on a can of tuna!" The distinctive mermaid logo first appeared on labels of "Chicken of the Sea" tuna in the early 1950s, and can still be seen there today.

- In yet another reference, Serena talks about "singing the song of the Lorelei." Lorelei is a siren from German legend who is said to dwell on a rock at the edge of the Rhine, south of Koblenz, who lures boatmen to destruction.

Another for: # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster" - CLICK HERE

Another for: # 231, "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster" - CLICK HERE

In # 233, "Bewitched, Bothered, and Baldoni," when Darrin is walking out of the room at the museum a beautiful lady causes his head to turn prompting Endora to say to Samantha, "My, what big eyes he has!"

This is in reference to the classic fairy tale "Little Red Riding Hood" when the title girl looks upon the wolf dressed as her grandmother and says, "Granny, what big eyes you have!"

In # 234, "Paris, Witches Style," Samantha sends "mental postcards" to Tabitha and Adam of the Arc de Triomphe, the Obelisk of Luxor, and the Louvre Museum. Later in the episode, Maurice zaps Darrin to the top of the Eiffel Tower.

Arc de Triomphe: Commissioned in 1806 by Napoleon, the Arch commemorates battles won during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic periods.

Obélisque de Luxor: Given to the French in 1829 by the Viceroy of Egypt, Mehemet Ali, the edifice, which once marked the entrance to the Amon temple at Luxor, is more than 3,300 years old, and is decorated with hieroglyphics portraying the reigns of pharaohs Ramses II and Ramses III.

Musée du Louvre: Starting with François I, with 12 paintings from Italy, the royal collection grew through contributions by Louis XIII, Henri II, Catherine de Médicis, and Louis XIV. It wasn't until August of 1793 when the museum, which had previously been only for the private pleasure of the Court, opened to the public.

Tour Eiffel: Built for the Paris International Exhibition of 1889, the tower commemorates the centenary of the French Revolution.

In another nod to their own production (CLICK HERE for the other), ABC cameras can be seen in # 236, "TV or Not TV," when Tabitha gets a job on the "Punch and Judy" television show.

# 237, “A Plague on Maurice and Samantha” - CLICK HERE

In # 240, "The Eight-Year Witch," Ophelia says to Darrin [on the phone]: "Mr. Stephens, this is Reservations at Mohawk Airlines. Your 8:30 flight for New York has been cancelled." Mohawk Airlines was a small airline that served the Mid-Atlantic states. It began business in 1945 as Robinson Airlines. In 1972 it was bought by Allegheny, and eventually became a part of US Airways.

For another from # 240, "The Eight-Year Witch" - CLICK HERE

For another from # 240, "The Eight-Year Witch" - CLICK HERE

In # 241, "Three Men and a Witch on a Horse," Samantha walks in on Darrin riding Tabitha's hobby horse, and remarks, "Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross, see Darrin Stephens ride upon a white horse." This remark is a play on Banbury Cross, the Mother Goose nursery rhyme that refers to Queen Elizabeth I of England, who traveled to Banbury to see a huge stone cross at the top of a steep hill. Upon reaching the base of the hill, a cockhorse decorated with bright ribbons and bells was attached to the front of the coach to help the horses ascend. The coach lost a wheel, but undeterred, the Queen mounted the cockhorse and rode up the hill. The final line refers to the minstrels who accompanied her.

Ride a cock-horse to Banbury Cross,
To see an old lady upon a white horse.
Rings on her fingers, and bells on her toes,
She shall have music wherever she goes.

For another from # 241, "Three Men and a Witch on a Horse" - CLICK HERE

In # 242, "Adam, Warlock or Washout," Samantha pops aside Endora in the refrigerator to discuss Adam's magic testing. On her exit, she gives her Mother an apple, and says: "Have an apple, it'll keep the Witch Doctor away."

This refers to the saying: "An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away", first coined by American fruit specialist J.T. Stinson at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis, MO. This was a modern variation on an Old English (12th century) phrase which went: “Ate an apfel avore gwain to bed. Makes the doctor beg his bread.”

The health benefits of apples have been on record since ancient times. The medieval physician's "bible," the Salerno Medical School's Prescription for Health, documented in 1100 A.D. the therapeutic properties of apples for ailments associated with the bowels, lungs and nervous system.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 242, "Adam, Warlock or Washout," the witches' chaffeur is named Rasputin. The "mad monk" spiritual advisor to Czar Nicholas Romonov and Queen Alexandra of Russia, Rasputin ingratiated himself to the royal family (Russia's last), spurring a backlash with Russian government officials who eventually murdered Rasputin and the Romonovs at the start of the Russian Revolution.

In another from this episode, Maurice says he's going to go see the ballet "Penguin Lake." Referring to the more famous ballet, Samantha asks him, "Don't you mean Swan Lake?" and he says, "No, they couldn't get the ice skates on the swans."

For another from # 242, "Adam, Warlock or Washout" - CLICK HERE

In # 244, "Samantha is Earthbound," unaware that she is sick with "gravititus inflamitus", a weary Samantha tells Darrin that she trying to cope with just "the power of positive thinking." This refers to the title of the best-selling motivational book by Christian preacher and author Dr. Norman Vincent Peale.

# 245, “Serena’s Richcraft” - CLICK HERE

In # 247, "Serena's Youth Pill ," Louise laments that Larry turned on the TV looking for The Jack Paar Show. Jack Paar was a pioneer in the talk show television format.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

Young Larry doesn't want to miss The Amos and Andy Show in a # 247, "Serena's Youth Pill ," reference. Amos and Andy was a television show on NBC from 1951 to 1953. Prior to that, it was a popular radio show.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 247, "Serena's Youth Pill ," little Larry mentions the Lone Ranger. The Lone Ranger was an action-packed Western TV show and radio program about a masked cowboy hero and his sidekick, Tonto.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In yet another reference from # 247, "Serena's Youth Pill ," little Larry says he doesn't want to be "a cowboy like Tom Mix. I want to be a lover like John Barrymoore."

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In # 247, "Serena’s Youth Pill," Serena greets Larry with a playful, "Well, if it isn't little Peter Cotton-Top." This is a reference to the 1950 song "Peter Cottontail" by Steve Nelson & Jack Rollins (who also wrote the song "Smokey The Bear" - CLICK HERE) and 1956 children's book "Little Peter Cottontail" by Thornton W. Burgess.

Here comes Peter Cottontail
Hoppin' down the bunny trail,
Hippity hoppity,
Easter's on its way...

For another from # 247, "Serena’s Youth Pill" - CLICK HERE

In # 251, "School Days, School Daze," Samantha tells Darrin that Endora agreed she "shouldn't have interfered" with Tabitha's school testing. Darrin says: "Hard-Hearted Hannah actually admitted she was wrong?"

This refers to the 1924 song Hard-Hearted Hannah (The Vamp Of Savannah) by Jack Yellen, Milton Ager, Bob Bigelow and Charles Bates.

...They call her Hard-Hearted Hannah, The Vamp Of Savannah.
The meanest gal in town;
Leather is tough, but Hannah's heart is tougher;
She's a gal who loves to see men suffer!...

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In more from # 251, "School Days, School Daze," Endora's spell turns Tabitha into a genius, giving her the knowledge of "Shakespeare, Plato - all the languages of NATO. Science back to Galileo. Medicine back to the Brothers Mayo..."
This refers to, among others:

Shakespeare - see "William Shakespeare" - CLICK HERE

Plato - (427-347 BC) A student of Socrates and teacher to Aristotle, Greek philosopher Plato founded the Academy in Athens, one of the earliest known organized schools in Western civilization.

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) - The international organization for collective security established in 1949, and governed by its 26 member states. Flag pictured above.

Galileo - (1564-1642) Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who formulated the basic law of falling bodies, which he verified by careful measurements. He constructed a telescope with which he studied lunar craters, and discovered four moons revolving around Jupiter.

Brothers Mayo - see # 62, "Baby’s First Paragraph" - CLICK HERE

# 253, "Samantha's Witchcraft Blows a Fuse" - CLICK HERE

In # 254, "The Truth and Nothing but the Truth, So Help Me Sam," when Darrin was wondering aloud if Endora had gotten over not being invited to their dinner party, Samantha makes a reference to the popular song "Little Green Apples" when she says, "And it don't rain in Indianapolis in the summertime." A 1968 Grammy winner for Song of the Year, "Little Green Apples" was written by Bobby Russell (The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia), and performed by Roger Miller (King of the Road).

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 254, "The Truth and Nothing but the Truth, So Help Me Sam," at the Stephens' client dinner, CoraMae Franklin's tale of her struggle upward in business is contradicted by her husband (and Samantha's hexed truth pin). Mr. Franklin reveals that his wife's beginnings were a far cry from her "Horatio Alger bit".

This refers to American author Horatio Alger (Jr.) who is famous for his stories of rural boys setting off, and later by their pluck and luck, advancing in urban careers.

(Another reference for this episode below.)

In another for # 254, "The Truth and Nothing but the Truth, So Help Me Sam," Larry refers to the free-for-all argument that ensues under Endora's truth spell as a "donnybrook." This word means a brawl or uproarious fight, and the name comes from the Donnybrook Fair, held in County Dublin until 1855 and noted for its wild carousing and fighting.

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Reverse References 2: EPISODE TITLES


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